WHITTINGTON's Panoramas of Dickens' life and work
BACHELDER's dioramas of the American Civil War
THOMPSON's dioramas of the American Civil War and Zulu War
Diorama of Tasmanian Aboriginal Group at campfire 1930s, medallion of 1976
1876-1880: Thomas J. Nevin, Keeper of the Hobart Town Hall
Professional photographer and government contractor Thomas J. Nevin (1842-1923) was appointed to the position of Hobart Town Hall Keeper in January 1876 over 24 applicants. He took up residence in the Keeper's apartment (top of diagram below) with wife Elizabeth Rachel (Day) Nevin (1847-1914) and the first two of their seven children - Mary Florence Elizabeth (aka May) Nevin (1872-1955) and Thomas James (aka Sonny) Nevin (1874-1948). Three more children were born at the Hobart Town Hall - Sydney John Nevin who died within months of birth (1876-1877), William John Nevin (1878-1927) and George Ernest Nevin (1880-1957). Their sixth child Mary Ann (aka Minnie) Nevin (1884-1974) and seventh, Albert Edward Nevin (1888-1955) were born after their father's dismissal for alleged inebriation from the position of Town Hall Keeper in December 1880. Family BDM documents, including the marriage licenses of his children Albert and Minnie and his own burial registration, consistently recorded Thomas J. Nevin's occupation as "Photographer" up to the time of his death in 1923.
Plan of Hobart Town Hall signed by the architect Henry Hunter. nd
Item Number: NS78/1/2
Start Date: 01 Jan 1860
Format: map/plan
Link: https://stors.tas.gov.au/NS78-1-2
Panoramas & dioramas in 19th century Tasmania
The Theatre Royal in Hobart, the Mechanics Institute in Launceston, and the Hobart Town Hall hosted the newest technological innovations in visual entertainment during the 1860s-1880s.
1863-1868: Bachelder's Grand Historic Mirror
R.G. Bachelder brought dioramas of the American Civil War to Hobart, and W. H. Thompson showed dioramas of both the American Civil War and the Zulu Wars. These were a staple of popular entertainment during the 1870s-1880s. Newspaper advertisements attracted huge crowds with enticements of free gifts including papier-mâché tables, work boxes, picture frames, new clothing, watches and baked cakes.
Bachelder's grand historic mirror of the American war and the wonderful dioramas
Publication Information: Hobart : Mercury Steam Press, [1863].
Physical description: 1 print (poster) on silk : Black text on cream ; 450 X 170 mm.
Format: poster image (online)
Notes: "Tonight, Thursday, Aug 27 ... illustrating the great naval engagement between the ironclad monsters Merrimac & Monitor, and the terrific naval combat off the coast of France between Kearsage & Alabama ... funeral procession of the late President Lincoln in the city of Washington"
"Under the especial patronage of Colonel Gore Browne, C.B., and Mrs. Gore Browne, and suite".
Measurement including fringe: 510 X 225 mm.
Citation: Digitised item from: Tasmaniana Library, Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office
Link: https://libraries.tas.gov.au/Digital/AUTAS001126074780/AUTAS001126074780
NEWSPAPER REPORT: TRANSCRIPT
TOWN HALL.Source: TOWN HALL. (1868, August 22). The Tasmanian Times (Hobart Town, Tas), p. 2.
BACHELDER'S DIORAMA
The Town Hall was again crowded last evening to witness Bachelder's Grand Historic Mirror of the American War. This complete and magnificent moving panorama cannot fail to instruct and amuse the beholder, the representations throughout are lifelike and beautifully painted. The exciting scenes and events in the memorable rebellion as they appear before the audience, call forth long and loud applause. Mr. Bachelder takes considerable pains to describe each scene as it is presented to View, which adds considerably to the interest of the picture, as also does the appropriate music arranged expressly for the exhibition. The concluding portion of the entertainment as upon former representations, was well received and loudly cheered by all present. We again recommend our readers to pay a visit to this first class exhibition, it must be seen to be appreciated. This evening is announced as a grand million night at prices to suit all classes, reserved seats 2s. body of the hall 1s. Children half prices to reserved seats.
Link: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article232862600
1871-1877: H. J. Whittington's Panoramas of Charles Dickens
Exhibited in Hobart and Launceston during the 1870s, these panoramas utilised innovative techniques illustrating scenes from Dickens' life and works to the accompaniment of live performances delivered by actors and musicians:
"Mrs. Gamp Propoges a Toast" by Phiz, June 1844
Steel-engraving 11.9 cm high by 10.5 cm wide, vignetted
Frontispiece for Dickens's Martin Chuzzlewit in the Gadshill Edition, Vol. 2. Chapter XLIX, facing page 563, 1844 edition.
Source: https://victorianweb.org/art/illustration/phiz/mc/37.html
NEWSPAPER REPORT: TRANSCRIPT
TWO HOURS WITH DICKENS.Source: TWO HOURS WITH DICKENS. (1877, May 11). Cornwall Advertiser (Launceston, Tas. : 1870 - 1877), p. 2.
An entertainment bearing the above title, being a, combination of music and Panoramic scenes, illustrative of the works of Dickens, will be opened in the Mechanics' Hall on Monday evening next. The agent of the company, Mr H. J. Whittington, arrived here from Hobart Town on Tuesday, and at once took steps to advertise the entertainment. Mr Whittington is both energetic and novel in his styles of advertising, his most original mode being to utilise the large mirrors of the principal hotels. Across the glass of these reflectors he writes, with a piece of common soap, the startling warning, " Look out for Charles Dickens !" The panorama has been painted in New Zealand by a well-known artist, Mr Massey, who has very ably depicted a number of beautiful scenes, including the following :—
A view of Gadshill Place, the favorite residence of Charles Dickens; Election of Beadle; Mr Pickwick on the Ice; Oliver Twist asking for more; the country manager rehearsing a combat; Quelp and Dick Swiveller; Condin and Snort; Sarah Gamp and Betsy Prig; Captain Cuttle sees a shadow on the wall; David Copperfield visits his aunt; Ham Pegoty and the wrecked ship; Micawber throws off his allegiance with Uriah Heep; rescue of Stephen Blackpool from the old shaft Little Dorrit's visit to her father in the Marshalsea prison; capture of prisoners on the Kentish Marshes; the Bird of Prey; the Opium Smokers; Poet's Corner, Westminister Abbey. Mr W. L. Skinner, one of the proprietor, lectures on the scenes, and vocal music is rendered by Messrs Skinner, Barrington, and Turner. We understand the company have been well patronised in Hobart Town, where the views were first exhibited. Each evening a number of valuable gifts are distributed, upwards of £90 worth having been given away in Hobart Town during last week. Some of those intended for distribution here are on view at Davies', Havana House, where tickets may be secured.
Link: https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article232915636
1871: C. B. Charles' Panorama of the Franco-Prussian War
Originally from Melbourne, C. B. Charles was living in London when he commissioned a moving panorama of the Franco-Prussian War. He returned to Melbourne as the panorama's proprietor in mid January 1871. The first half of his program exhibited pictures of the Suez Canal and the Nile painted by Charles James after David [Daniel ?] Roberts.
NEWSPAPER REPORT: TRANSCRIPT
CHARLES'S PANORAMA - This really meritorious panorama, illustrative of Egyptian and African scones and of the recent Franco-Prussian War, was again exhibited yesterday evening to an appreciative audience, though one by no means so large as the merits of the entertainment should command. The various African views, the Suez Canal, the Nile, the great bazaar at Cairo, the Mosque of Sultan Haroun, the pyramids, the sphynx, Siout, Alexandria, the temple of Isis, Thebes, and the ruins of Karnac, the temple of Edfon are all well executed works of pictorial art, and both the colouring and perspective exhibited a fidelity to nature attainable only by an experienced artist. The war scenes were painted by Daniel Roberts, R. A. of St James's Theatre, London, and the scenes representing " The death of General Douay" and " The soldier's dream of home," by Mr Mason, R. A. , of the Drury Lane Theatre. These war scenes were taken from the original sketches by Gray, which were exhibited in the War Court of the Crystal Palace, Sydenham. Most of these scones have their merits enhanced by clever dioramic effects, and were the exhibition without anything else to commend it, these should in themselves attract crowded houses. The performances of Signor Luigi Ferrari's trained Brazilian monkeys are most remarkable, and occasioned reiterated laughter. Miss Florence Beresford s vocal efforts served to vary the evening's entertainment, and were most favourably received. The following songs were rendered with much felicity -"The silver shining moon," "Away, trumpets are sounding," " The Vivandiere," " The Rhine Watch," and " The Marseillaise " This afternoon and evening the programme will be repeated.Source: Advertising (1871, July 8). The Mercury (Hobart, Tas.), p. 2.
Link: https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article8868557
COVER: A satirical Panorama of the Franco-Prussian war. Illustrated by Percy Cruikshank, 1870.
The Franco-Prussian war panorama’s cover, printed in blue and red ink, shows an assembly of kings and leaders gathering to watch a bloody birds’ fight in a pit. The German double-headed eagle, in spiked helmet, is grabbing the head of the French rooster, bearing a Phrygian hat with a tricolour rosette. He has already vanquished the French imperial eagle. King Edward VII tells his neighbour, the American President Ulysses S. Grant: “Two heads are better than one”Source: Cambridge University Library
Many large-scale painted panoramas of the Franco-Prussian war and the Siege of Paris (hundreds of meters long) were produced and circulated in the UK, Australia and New Zealand, France, Europe and the United States, from 1870 to the 1890s. Cruikshank’s Panorama of the Franco-Prussian war is only 12.5 cm high, though it does measure more than 3 meters and hardly fits on our large items Rare Books Reading room table! It folds down to a concertina book of 13 x 15 cm, a ‘pocket’ format which means it was probably intended for the personal use of a private collector, rather than for public display.
1876: W. H. Thompson's Confederate Mirror
"... an excellent piece of mechanism..."
NEWSPAPER REPORT: TRANSCRIPT
THOMPSON'S DIORAMA OF THE AMERICAN WAR.Source: The Mercury Tue 26 Sep 1876 Page 2 THOMPSON'S DIORAMA OF THE AMERICAN WAR
Since the great civil war between the Northern and Southern States of America, and which resulted in the abolition of slavery throughout the dominions of the great republic, we have had in Hobart Town several dioramic exhibitions of the leading incidents of the fearful struggle ; but we remember none that was more largely patronised than was that of Thompson's Diorama of the battles which took place in the Southern States, presented last night for the first time at the Town Hall. The hall, in every part, was crowded to excess, and when the curtain unveiled the first picture, a bird's eye view of New Orleans, a favourable impression of the ability of the artist was at once created, only to be enhanced as the more thrilling incidents of the war were unfolded. The scene representing the march of General Stewart's body of irregular cavalry on Richmond to oppose General McLellan's well-known attack upon that city at the head of a Federal detachment, afforded a graphic idea of the smartness of the cavalry, which the lecturer (Mr. Thompson, who, by the way, discharged his duties very efficiently), said had been described by the English press as " the finest body of regular cavalry in the world." Another equally effective picture was that representing the engagement of the 69th New York regiment under General Thomas Francis Meagher, who, after a gallant resistance, retreated before Pittsburg, with a loss of 1,400 out of 1,000 men. The battle between the famous Confederate cruiser the Alabama, and the Hattrass, off Galveston, was more than a picture, it was an excellent piece of mechanism, and the way in which the whole affair was worked proved highly interesting, particularly to the junior portion of the audience'. The funeral procession of the great southern commander General Stonewall Jackson, whose death sealed the fate of the Confederate army, is a very elaborate piece of mechanism, the movements of the soldiery forming the cortege being regulated with wonderful precision, and drawing forth warm expressions of approval. In fact, the whole diorama proved a success; and though the music in some respects was not up to the mark, still, it added much to the enjoyment of the evening. At the close of the diorama Mr. Thompson proceeded to present the prices to the holders of tickets, in accordance with the announcements in the show-bills. These consisted of some really valuable and, at the same time, useful articles, including tea and coffee service (4 pieces), two presentation cups, two sovereigns, large liqueur frames, two cruet stands, a couple of opera glasses, and an infinity of other things which we need not describe. One singular circumstance in connection with the prizes was that the great bulk of them went to the shilling part of the hall, thus doing away with any suspicion of favouritism. The exhibition will be on view again to-night.
Link: https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/8948153
1879: Crowded Houses !!!
W. R. Thompson, later known as "Zulu" Thompson, was back at the Hobart Town Hall in February 1879 to present his Confederate Mirror of the American War. Advertisements in the Mercury ran throughout February 1879. The large crowds presented logistical challenges to the organizers, not least to Town Hall keeper Thomas J. Nevin:
Source: THE MERCURY. (1879, February 14). The Mercury (Hobart, Tas.), p. 2.
Link: https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article8973703
1879: Mr. Nevin and the lost portmonnaie
The week ending February 14th, 1879, was an eventful one for Thomas J. Nevin. As Town Hall keeper he was contending with huge crowds attending performances of Thompson's Diorama of the American War. An incident involving the loss of a purse and its restoration to its rightful owners was the result of Thomas Nevin's due diligence.
Source: THE MERCURY. (1879, February 14). The Mercury (Hobart, Tas.), p. 2.
Link: https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article8973703
NEWSPAPER REPORT: TRANSCRIPT
LOST AND FOUND. - A resident of Cambridge and his wife who had come to town for the holidays, visited Mr. Thompson's Diorama at the Town Hall on Wednesday evening, when the good lady had the unpleasantness of dropping in the hall her portmonnaie containing money to the amount of £9 or £10. Next morning the parties applied to Mr. Nevin hall-keeper at the Municipal Buildings about the loss, and search was made through the Assembly Room for the property without avail. Mr. Nevin advised that information should be given to the police, and that the loss should be advertised in the newspapers with the offer of a reward. The parties acted accordingly, and an advertisement was left at The Mercury office promising a reward of two pounds for the restoration of the treasure. Not long afterwards Mr. John Johnston, grocer, residing in Elizabeth-street, called at The Mercury office to know if enquiries had been made for a lost portmonnaie, saying that his little daughter had picked up one the previous night in the Town Hall containing money, and he (Mr. Johnston) had tried all he could to find an owner. He was directed to Mr. Nevin, who accompanied Mr. and Miss Johnston to the house in Liverpool-street where the Cambridge people were temporarily staying, and the lost property was restored to the owners, who were on the point of returning to Cambridge without money. In the exuberance of their joy they wished to give the promised reward of £2, which Mr. Johnston declined to take, but he allowed his daughter to accept ten shillings for the purchase of a memento of the lucky find, and as encouragement to young people to respect the axiom "Honesty is the best policy."NEWSPAPER REPORT: TRANSCRIPT
THE WAR MIRROR - The largest audience which has witnessed the American War Mirror since its exhibition at the Town Hall was present last night. The Hall was literally packed, many persons standing on both the back and front seats, while numbers had to be refused admission. The views of war which graphically depict its notable events, assisted by stage effects and suitable music, as usual formed a most useful and impressive synopsis of the bloody internecine struggle. Lieutenant Herman's humorous ventriloquial impersonations furnished an agreeable relief from the darker illustrations of the devastating progress of the war. His Irish character figures carried on the funny dialogue in a very laughable and life-like manner. The distribution of a gift to each visitor took place as usual. A grand Matinee is announced for Saturday, when every child will receive a present.Source: THE MERCURY. (1879, February 14). The Mercury (Hobart, Tas.), p. 2.
Link: https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article8973703
Mechanical marvels
1881: Thompson’s Diorama of the Zulu War at Adelaide, South Australia
Source: The Zulu War: Zulu warriors method of advancing to the attack
Link: https://iln.org.uk/iln_years/year/1879.htm
NEWSPAPER REPORT: TRANSCRIPT
Mr W.H. Thompson’s "Colossal Mirror of the Zulu War in South Africa" was shown at Garner’s Theatre (formerly White’s Rooms) in King William Street, Adelaide, in May 1881. The Advertiser reported: ‘The diorama consists of many well-executed pictures representing scenes that occurred during the bloody war in South Africa in 1879, during the course of which the brave Prince Imperial fell victim to the murderous assegais of the Zulu warriors.’ The views were said to faithfully represent the different scenes, and after each view was wound on to the stage it was explained by Mr Thompson. The scenes were said to occupy 30,000 (square) feet of canvas.Source: https://noye.agsa.sa.gov.au/Lantern/Lan_pano.htm
One part of the programme was advertised as ‘The mechanical marvel showing 8,000 figures on the march,’ and a quotation from the Sydney Daily Telegraph included in the advertisement said, ‘The mechanical portion of the diorama is constructed with marvellous cunning, and far excels anything of the kind shown in this city.’ The ‘8,000 figures’ were miniature wooden representations of soldiers en route to the battlefield. However, the Advertiser reported a small hitch in the operation of the mechanical marvel. ‘The figures are worked by persons underneath the stage, and owing to some trifling imperfection in the arrangements one or two regiments stuck fast and refused to proceed on the warpath. One troop of marines was especially obstinate and, to the great delight of the "gods," instead of advancing the insubordinate soldiers fell down flat, and only moved on after a little gentle persuasion had been brought to bear on them by a human head and arm that appeared from the depths beneath and administered the necessary progressive push.’
Another problem arose when it was time to distribute the ‘gold watch, silver watch, and 100 other beautiful gifts,’ which were to be given away ‘at the discretion of the proprietor,’ not by lucky numbers marked on a programme, which was the usual practice at most entertainments of that kind. When Mr Thompson began his haphazard distribution of gifts the audience became very noisy and disorderly. ‘Persons located in the back seats of the pit and gallery crushed forward in order to bring themselves into prominence, and so secure one of the gifts. The people in the front seats were considerably inconvenienced, and a by no means creditable scene ensued. The rush from behind, the general disorder, the whooping and catcalls being the reverse of enjoyable to orderly disposed persons.’
Advertisements in the Adelaide papers said the paintings were the work of the eminent London artists Telbin, Walter Hann, Ballard, Rogers, Gordon and Harford, and that the diorama had been seen by over 200,000 persons in the past 6 months. The description of incidents portrayed on the canvas were described in advertisements as thrilling, and contained some stirring patriotic statements...
‘The Battle of Isandula, the last order given was -- Fix bayonets, Men, and die like English Soldiers; and so they did.’
‘The Buffalo River - Saving the Colours. They lost their lives, but they saved the colours.’
1898-1906: the moving panorama
Above: Diagram showing a typical arrangement for unrolling the canvas of a moving panorama. Dotted lines show the position of the framework that concealed the mechanism. The picture represents the first scene of the Burke and Wills panorama.
EXCERPT
Although not photographic in nature, the 19th century moving panorama was a form of entertainment that was similar in some respects to the magic lantern show, and in many newspaper reports it is difficult to know whether the reporter was describing a moving panorama painted on a canvas roll or a series of lantern slides projected on a canvas sheet.Source: The R.J. Noye Collection of Photography 1998
The moving panorama, or diorama, consisted of a series of paintings on canvas which were then joined together to form one very long canvas sheet that was wound onto a vertical roller. From this roller the canvas was moved across the stage and wound up on a similar roller on the other side. The canvas could be illuminated from behind, from the front, or by a combination of both, using oil or gas lamps.
Above: Diagram showing a typical arrangement for unrolling the canvas of a moving panorama. Dotted lines show the position of the framework that concealed the mechanism. The picture represents the first scene of the Burke and Wills panorama.
Some panoramas were very large. Charles’s panorama (1871) occupied 10,000 square feet of canvas, and each painting was 17 feet by 8 feet. Mankiewicz’s Pantascope used paintings that were 18 feet wide by 9 feet high, and Riseley and Humphrey’s Mirror of England had 120 paintings that were 25 feet long by 14 feet high, making a canvas that was 3,000 feet long and took two hours to unroll.
Art Gallery of South Australia
Link: https://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/noye/Lantern/Lan_pano.htm
Diorama of Aboriginal group
The diorama of a Tasmanian Aboriginal group in the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery was modelled by E. J. Dicks and presented to the museum by John Arnold in 1930. It was photographed by K. Wilby.
In January 1931, E.J. Dicks, a sculptor hailing from Melbourne, was hard at work in a studio in Tasmania’s capital city of Hobart. The task-at-hand for Mr. Dicks was to build representations of (some would say surrogates for) the “Lost Tasmanian Race.” The Hobart Mercury of January 17, 1931, reports that Mr. Dicks [had] already completed the man for the group, and is occupied with the female figure. It is a strange commentary on life to see the modeler at work with his clay, and beside him the skeleton of the last of the true Tasmanian aborigines, Truganini, while at odd intervals skulls peep out here and there, all contributing a moiety of past life to give reality to a present figment. (The Hobart Mercury, January 17, 1931: 6) Made possible by a gift of £500, the largest given to the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery (hereafter referred to as TMAG) to that point, the group exhibit1 sought to give Hobartians a glimpse into the “life and habits of a vanished people” (ibid.). Void of clothing and with jet-black skin, these three figures, designed to represent a natural familial unit, were a visual depiction of a people who had come to represent the lowest and most primitive culture2 ever documented (see fig. 1). In this working paper I argue that the 1931 group exhibit at TMAG sought to enact, consecrate, and consolidate one form of Tasmanian Aboriginality by literally building surrogate representations of the “Lost Tasmanian Race” (who one author poetically, and androcentrically, describes as the “Men Who Vanished” [Dunbabin 1935]).Source: Building Bodies in the Australian Periphery: The Enactment of Aboriginality in Tasmania
Christopher Berk, University of Michigan 2012
UM Working Papers in Museum Studies, Number 9 (2012)
Link: https://ummsp.rackham.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Berk_Final.pdf
1930: the TMAG diorama
Photograph - Postcard - Diorama of Tasmanian Aboriginals on the bank of the River Derwent modelled by E J Dicks.
Item Number: LPIC147/1/5
Start Date:01 Jan 1930
Source: Archives Office of Tasmania
Description: Photograph - Hobart Museum, "Mother and child", from Diorama
Item Number:AB713/1/1763
Start Date:01 Jan 1953
End Date:31 Dec 1953
Source: Archives Office of Tasmania
Link: https://stors.tas.gov.au/AB713-1-1763
1976: the Powerhouse Medallion of Diorama
Source: Powerhouse Museum, Sydney NSW
https://collection.powerhouse.com.au/object/422272
The Truganini medallion was commissioned by the Tasmanian Numismatic Society in 1976, and was struck by Pobjoy Mint Ltd., U.K. in both bronze (225 examples) and sterling silver (100 examples). A commemorative brochure states that it was "the [society's] most ambitious undertaking to date and the third issue struck for the Tasmanian Numismatic Society. A high medallic relief and polished field have been employed for the first time." The depiction of Truganini on the obverse was taken from a line engraving, copied from a photograph by C.A. Woolley in 1866. The camp scene on the reverse was taken from a diorama of a Tasmanian Aboriginal group in the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, photographed by K. Wilby; the diorama itself was modelled by E.J. Dicks and presented to the museum by John Arnold in 1930.Source: Powerhouse Museum, Sydney NSW
https://collection.powerhouse.com.au/object/422272
External References
ART WORKS
Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery (TMAG)
19th century colonial watercolours and drawings collection
https://www.tmag.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/124313/PRINT_Panoramic_views_room_brochure.pdf
Commemorative Medallions
Powerhouse Museum, Sydney NSW
https://collection.powerhouse.com.au/object/422272
BOOKS
Colligan, Mimi (2002) Canvas documentaries : panoramic entertainments in nineteenth-century Australia and New Zealand . Carlton South, Vic. : Melbourne University Press.
Panoramas, pages 73-74-75. [Photo © KLW NFC Imprint 2024]
ARTICLES
"Building Bodies in the Australian Periphery: The Enactment of Aboriginality in Tasmania"
Christopher Berk, University of Michigan 2012
UM Working Papers in Museum Studies, Number 9 (2012)
https://ummsp.rackham.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Berk_Final.pdf
ONLINE
The R.J. Noye Collection of Photography 1998
Art Gallery of South Australia
https://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/noye/Lantern/Lan_pano.htm
Archives Office of Tasmania
Diorama of Tasmanian Aboriginals on the bank of the River Derwent modelled by E J Dicks.
Photograph and postcard
https://stors.tas.gov.au/AB713-1-1763
Timespanner (NZ)
https://timespanner.blogspot.com/2011/02/william-henry-zulu-thompson-1841-1887.html
Source: Brown University’s John Hay Library received an enormous gift: a 273-foot-long 19th century panoramic painting depicting the dashing exploits of Italian patriot Giuseppe Garibaldi.
Brown's University staff and an outside contractor photograph the painting 6 feet at a time.
Link: https://aesthetic.gregcookland.com/2007/12/garibaldi-panorama-at-brown.html
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