Showing posts with label Misattribution. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Misattribution. Show all posts

Sarah (Rothwell) Crouch at Thomas J. Nevin's studio ca. 1867-1871

Photographers Alfred BOCK, Thomas J. NEVIN, and H. H. BAILY
Portraits of Thomas and Sarah (Rothwell) CROUCH 1860s-1870s, and Robert Stanton ROTHWELL ca. 1870
SHOOBRIDGE estate and grave sites, West Hobart, Tasmania

Sarah Rothwell Crouch photo T. Nevin 1868

Sarah (Rothwell) Crouch (1806-1876), cdv by Thomas J. Nevin, ca. 1867-1871
Copyright © KLW NFC Imprint Private Collection 2026

Alfred Bock's sennotypes of Thomas and Sarah Crouch
Alfred K. Bock (1835 -1920) inherited his father Thomas Bock's daguerreotype establishment at 22 Campbell Street Hobart Town in April 1855 and announced his own photographic business. By July 1855 he had moved to Elliston's premises at 78 Liverpool Street, formerly occupied by the photographers Duryea and McDonald where he built a "Crystal Palace" studio and purchased photographic equipment from Ross of London. Financial difficulties ensued, and Bock moved several times.

In 1857 Alfred Bock was at 18 Macquarie Street. But on 6th February, 1858, he was insolvent. Later that year, Bock re-established himself at 140 Elizabeth Street, Hobart Town - a business he called The City Photographic Establishment - and stayed there until 1865 when he was again declared insolvent (Kerr, ed. 1992: 77-78). In late May 1865, Alfred Bock's wife gave birth to a daughter (Mercury, 23 May 1865). This event too may have precipitated Bock's decision to sell up and leave Tasmania.

Financially bruised by a dispute with photographer Henry Frith about the origins and rights to the sennotype process, the stock-in-trade of Bock's studio at the City Photographic Establishment was advertised at auction on August 2nd, 1865. Thomas J. Nevin bought the lease of the studio, the shop, the stock of negatives, camera equipment, backdrops and furniture, including the glass house/gallery installed at the end of the cart path adjacent to the studio, listed as 138½ Elizabeth St. on valuation rolls.

These two fine portraits of Thomas J. Crouch and his wife Sarah (Rothwell) Crouch were produced by Alfred Bock at the City Photographic Establishment in the early 1860s using the method of assemblage called the sennotype process which consisted of two albumen prints sandwiched under glass, the top one waxed for transparency and usually hand-coloured, resulting in blacker shadows and greater tonal range.



Left: Under-Sheriff Thomas. J. Crouch (1805-1890)
Right: Sarah Crouch (1806-1876) nee Rothwell
Sennotypes by Alfred Bock ca 1860
Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Collection

Biographical Notes: Sarah and Thomas Crouch
Biographical Notes by Peter Bolger
Australian Dictionary of Biography
Link: https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/crouch-george-stanton-3346

Thomas James Crouch (1805-1890), under-sheriff, was born on 22 October 1805 in London, the eldest son of James Crouch of Hertfordshire and his wife Sarah, née Marston, of Shropshire. His parents had moved to London before their marriage in 1804 at St George's, Hanover Square, and his father was, among other business projects, proprietor of public baths in Cannon Street. Thomas's education at various small city schools was interrupted by ill health and convalescence at Worthing and Barmouth, and he later became clerk to a barrister at Lincoln's Inn. He was friendly with Dudley Fereday, who was appointed sheriff of Van Diemen's Land. Crouch agreed to become his clerk and arrived at Hobart Town in the Phoenix in January 1825. He was a successful clerk in various commissariat offices, specializing in legal matters until he was appointed under-sheriff in 1836; he held the post until he retired on a pension in 1868.

On 20 February 1832 at St David's Cathedral Crouch married Sarah Rothwell, from Limehouse, London, whom he had met when she passed through Hobart as governess to the family of Rev. Joseph Orton. The Crouch family had been Anglican but in 1826 Thomas had become attached to the Wesleyan Methodists and was an active Sunday school teacher. Sarah was also a Wesleyan but their cottage became the lodgings of the missionaries James Backhouse and George Washington Walker, and she adopted Quaker manners and attended their meetings. Crouch helped to initiate the schools of the Hobart Wesleyan circuit and was a trustee of the Melville Street Church for fifty-eight years. With James Bonwick and G. W. Walker he organized the first local temperance society in 1833 and in 1843 signed the pledge. He was a prominent founder of the Tasmanian Temperance Alliance and chaired its 34th annual meeting on the evening of his death on 28 May 1890. He was also a founder of the Hobart Town Benevolent Society in 1860, a committee member for thirty years and its secretary for seventeen years. For many his greatest claim to fame was his part in the recognition and capture of Martin Cash in Hobart in 1843.

Crouch's wife [Sarah Crouch], after seven years of paralysis, died on 16 January 1876 in her seventieth year. She remained loyal to the Society of Friends and was buried in their ground at Providence Valley. Sarah had shared in her husband's religious and temperance activities, organized a female petition for a Maine Liquor Law in the colony and another to forestall Sunday licensing, and served on the committees of the Maternal and Dorcas Society and of various societies such as the Van Diemen's Land Asylum for the Protection of Destitute and Unfortunate Females, which Walker had promoted in 1848. She was one of the Ladies Visiting Committee which each week inspected female paupers at New Town, Cascades and the Brickfields, and was reputed to have kept her own dispensary where she gave medicines to the needy. Perhaps her greatest contribution to the welfare of Hobart poor was her Servants' Home in High Street, which only closed in her final illness.

Crouch and his wife had at least eight children, most of whom died in childhood. One daughter, Mary, was married to Robert S. Caseley, Wesleyan minister in South Australia in 1863, and another, Ann, to Robert Shoobridge in 1871. The eldest son, Thomas James [Crouch], became an architect, designing among other work the General Post Office in Melbourne; there he died on 4 December 1889.

The second son, George Stanton [Crouch] (b. 1 May 1834), was educated like his brother at Bonwick's and Hutchins Schools. They were active in Wesleyan Sabbath school and temperance work at St Kilda after failing at the diggings. George was a farmer at Kangaroo Valley, near Hobart, from 1854 until 1863 when he sailed with his wife for New Zealand. His job at Invercargill as clerk and book-keeper at the Southland News ended in 1870 when he became part-owner of both it and its rival, the Southland Times. In these years he advocated total abstinence and was a prominent Wesleyan. He returned to Hobart in 1871 and ran an auctioneer's salesroom until 1905. In 1883 he was elected alderman of the City of Hobart and served for twelve years, being mayor in 1892, but was prevented from becoming a justice of the peace by his Quaker-like refusal to take the oath. He gained ambivalent repute as the 'Teetotal Mayor' and startled Saturday night revellers by regular inspections of public houses, always with a police bodyguard... [extract]

Source: https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/crouch-george-stanton-3346

The Rothwell and Crouch families were closely involved with the operations of the Sheriff's Office at the Hobart Gaol from the 1830s to the 1880s. Sarah (Rothwell) Crouch's brother, John Rothwell (1812-1885) gained the position of second clerk to the Sheriff in 1836 through her husband's influence, advancing by degrees until he was appointed chief clerk in 1841 and Under-Sheriff in 1868 on the retirement of brother-in-law Thomas J. Crouch, a position he held until retirement, 71 years old, in 1883, having served the office with "fidelity and justice" under Judges Pedder, Montagu, Fleming, Home, Smith, and Dobson, according to his Obituary in the Mercury, 19 Sept 1885. He supervised the execution of Job Smith aka Campbell on 31st May, 1875, at the Hobart Gaol; Thomas J. Nevin's photogaph taken at his only sitting with Job Smith is extant in several public collections, one was even hand-tinted, another was poorly reprinted in the 20th century.

In 1838 John Rothwell married Celia Rebecca Smith in Hobart. Her sister Sarah Anson (d. 1858) was the mother of Hobart photographers Joshua (b. 1821) and John (b. 1835) Anson. John and Celia Rothwell had a large family of children (15 are listed at familysearch.org), and apart from their first-born daughter Sarah who died in 1924, their eighth child, son Robert Stanton Rothwell (1850-1902), Sarah (Rothwell) Crouch's nephew in effect, was the last of their sons still living by 1900. He died of neurosyphilis in 1902 at the New Norfolk Lunatic Asylum. When, as a young man barely 20 years old, he visited the studio of T. D. Webb, St. John's Street, Launceston, Tasmania to be photographed wearing his finest (ca.1870), he dedicated his portrait to Miss Ellen Bayles of Ross, signing it verso "With R.S.R.'s compliments, to Ms E. Bayles, Auburn, Ross".

If the history of ownership of his portrait (below) could be established beyond the 1870s when Ellen Bayles first placed it her family album, some light might be shed as to why this young man, Robert Stanton Rothwell was misidentified by its vendor at Leski's auction (Melbourne) in May 2026 as the brother of photographer Thomas J. Nevin, William John Nevin (1852-1891). While both Nevin brothers worked at the Hobart Gaol from the early 1870s with Under-Sheriff John Rothwell - Thomas as photographer of prisoners who were received, incarcerated and discharged from Supreme Court convictions, and his brother Constable John (W. J. aka Jack to the family) Nevin as warder and messenger - and while the Rothwell, Crouch and Nevin families shared many connections including their respective farms at Kangaroo Valley (Hobart), their Wesleyan faith, Lodge membership and civil service, there is nothing about this carte-de-visite which would invite such a misidentification (more to come in a future post).

Robert Stanton Rockwell 1870

Robert Stanton Rockwell 1870

Portrait of Robert Stanton Rothwell by T. D. Webb, Launceston, Tasmania ca. 1870
Inscribed verso "With R.S.R.'s compliments, to Ms E. Bayles, Auburn, Ross"
Misidentified by vendor at auction (Leski's May 2026) as William John Nevin, brother of photographer T. J. Nevin.
Purchased from Leski's (Melb) for © KLW NFC Imprint Private Collection, 31 May 2026.

Departure of Alfred Bock to Victoria



Alfred Bock's trade advertisement in Walch's Tasmanian Almanac, 1864

The City Photographic Establishment and the house next door were premises consisting of two house-and-shop properties owned by Abraham Biggs snr at 138-140 Elizabeth St. Hobart, They were still "unfinished" in 1853 according to the Hobart Valuation Rolls. By 1854 Biggs was listed as the proprietor with his son, builder Abraham Edwin Biggs. By 1857 they had let the premises at 140 Elizabeth St. to photographer Alfred Bock which he operated as a studio with his (step) brother William Bock until 1865. On Alfred Bock's departure to Victoria, commercial photographer and government contractor Thomas J. Nevin continued the business with the firm's name, The City Photographic Establishment, 140 Elizabeth Street, Hobart Town. He operated the studio in partnership with Robert Smith under the business name of Nevin & Smith briefly between 1866-68, vacating the shop, residence, glass house and studio a decade later, in 1876, to take up his appointment in full-time civil service with residency at the Hobart Town Hall.

Photographer Thomas J. Nevin was a member of the Loyal United Brothers' Lodge and their official photographer. He was also an affiliate of the Benevolent Society and Wesleyan Church with senior members of the Crouch, Nevin and Genge families. Thomas' father John Nevin snr leased an acre of land from the Wesleyan Trustees of Ancanthe at Kangaroo Valley (Lenah Valley) from the early 1850s and remained there to his death in 1887. His daughter Rebecca Jane Nevin died there in 1865 and his wife Mary Ann (Dickson) Nevin died there in 1875. Eldest son Thomas James Nevin married Elizabeth Rachel Day at the Wesleyan Chapel there in 1871, and his only surviving daughter Mary Ann Nevin married John Carr there in 1877. John Nevin snr also taught class at the Wesleyan Chapel, Kangaroo Valley in 1875. His second marriage in 1879 after the death of his wife in 1875 was to widow Martha (Genge) Salter, daughter of Wesleyan lay preacher William Genge of the Methodist Church and meeting rooms, Melville Street, Hobart. William Genge's death occasioned a poem written as a lament by John Nevin in 1881.

Thomas J. Nevin's portrait of Sarah (Rothwell) Crouch
Thomas J. Nevin stamped his mostly commonly used commercial studio backmark in blue ink on the verso of this carte-de-visite, his portrait of Sarah (Rothwell) Crouch, which would indicate she visited his studio sometime ca. 1867-1871. He used sepia or black ink on later portraits after 1872. See examples here of both backstamps in blue and black ink at the National Gallery of Victoria's collection of eleven (11) cdv's of Nevin's portraits donated by John McPhee in 2020.

Sarah (Rothwell) Crouch was experiencing the early effects of paralysis which would claim her life in 1876 when she visited Nevin's studio. His capture of her facial expression might have unintentionally betrayed the pain she was enduring, and not just from her illness. The tight whalebone corset she was wearing had completely flattened the natural line of her bosom, undoubtedly causing further discomfort.

This is an unusual photograph in that Thomas J. Nevin positioned the sitter closer to his camera than he otherwise seemed to prefer in sittings with women clients. His use of the newer lenses here, which allowed shorter focal range and a larger image of the face and hands without sacrificing clarity, became his trademark when he commenced the photographing of prisoners with Supreme Court convictions on government contract soon after Sarah Crouch's brother John Rothwell succeeded her husband Thomas J. Crouch to the position of Under-Sheriff. This photograph, the first to be printed off the glass negative and like many which Nevin produced at the Hobart Gaol of prisoners for inclusion on their rap sheets, was printed initially with the whole upper body visible. The next print, if requested, would have been the same image formatted as a carte-de-visite, framed in an oval mount, showing the face but not the hands. If this same image of Sarah Crouch was ever produced as a carte-de-visite, it has yet to surface in public or private collections.

Sarah Crouch photo T. Nevin 1868

Sarah Crouch photo T. Nevin 1868Sarah Crouch photo T. Nevin 1868 verso

Above: Portrait of Sarah (Rothwell) Crouch, cdv by Thomas J. Nevin, taken ca. 1867-1871
Item: Carte-de-visite on buff mount, sepia albumen print
Subject: Sarah (Rothwell) Crouch (1806-1876)
Photographer: Thomas J. Nevin (1842-1923)
Location: City Photographic Establishment, 140 Elizabeth St. Hobart
Verso studio stamp: [blue ink] T. Nevin, late A. Bock, City Photographic Establishment, 140 Elizabeth St. Hobart. Further copies can be obtained at any time.
Provenance: estate of the Late Alexander Renwick
Per Leski's Auctions, Melbourne, May 2026 online.
Copyright © KLW NFC Imprint Private Collection 2026

Thomas J. Nevin photographed prisoner George Leathley seated in similar fashion to Sarah Crouch. Both sat with sightlines deflected to right of frame, their faces turned to look past the photographer standing quite close to their left, and each with folded hands resting on their lap. He printed both photographs in rich sepia from the negative, but pasted the full upper-body print of Sarah Crouch to a plain mount, whereas his print of Leathley was produced in carte-de-visite format for police and prison records. One cdv was pasted to the prisoner's rap sheet, another was included in the Photo Books held at the Municipal Police Office, Hobart Town Hall, and others were forwarded to regional and rural police stations wherever the prisoner was sent to work. Although Nevin's original negative taken in the one sitting in the early to mid 1870s was commonly used for further prints if the prisoner was again convicted after release (e.g. Leathley's No.14 printed 1872, reprint in 1874, No. 226), another sitting was required if the negative was too damaged, as was most likely the case with Nevin's second and quite different photograph of George Leathley taken on discharge in 1876.



Left: Prisoner George Leathley
Thomas Nevin's original print from his glass negative, 1874
Reprinted by John Watt Beattie on a panel for sale, 1916
Held at the QVMAG Ref: 1983_p_0163-0176

Right: Prisoner George Leathley No's. 14 and 226
National Library of Australia collection
Title: George Leathley, per ship Blundell
Creator: T. J. Nevin 1874.
Inscription: “Nos. 14 & 226”–On reverse
Taken at the National Library of Australia, Feb. 2015
Photo copyright © KLW NFC Imprint 2016.

THE SERVANTS' HOME
Sarah (Rothwell) Crouch was a committee member of the Maternal and Dorcas Society when she sought subscriptions and donations for the establishment and on-going support of a home for servant girls in High Street, North Hobart. The street was renamed Tasma Street in 1921 to avoid duplication with High Street, Sandy Bay, named after the novelist Jessie Catherine Couvreur, nee Huybers (1848-97), whose pseudonym was "Tasma".

These notices were published in the press at the beginning of Sarah Crouch's campaign in September to November 1856.



Extract, full transcript below:

TRANSCRIPT
SERVANTS' HOME
SEVERAL Ladies having been long impressed with the desolate state of females occupying the sphere of domestic servants on leaving their situations while seeking others, the following ideas have been suggested: -
"That a society of ladies be formed, the design of which shall be to protect ALL lone female servants, and afford such advice as experience dictates and by judicious care and oversight prevent exposure to many evils which strangers in the colony are subject to; and also to provide a "Home" to ALL female servants willing to avail themselves of its privileges at a rate within the reach of their limited means. The "Home" will be conducted as much as possible in accordance with similar Institutions in London.

Such a home will preclude the necessity of the well-intentioned taking up their abode with persons whose object is gain to themselves, though it should be the destruction of their supporters.

With this view the ladies have taken a house in High-street, near the New Town Road (a respectable neighbourhood) at a very moderate rent, in which there is a sitting-room, with table requisites for the use of the inmates, and all necessary utensil for cooking, washing, &c - the dormitories furnished with beds, bedding, and everything necessary to the comfort of those desirous of placing themselves under the guardianship of the ladies.

The ladies feel the time has arrived when such an institute is required, and will be valued in town and country, both by servants and employers. By this provision, when it is known in England and elsewhere, the ladies believe encouragement will be given to the virtuous to emigrate, and the comfort and convenience of the community generally increased, while much vice and its consequent pauperism will be prevented.

The Ladies have great confidence in appealing to the Public for aid in this philanthropic undertaking, feeling assured they will not appeal in vain. There is no doubt the want of such a Home has been lamentably felt by many a friendless girl, who may at this time be pining in poverty and woe; who would have been, under other circumstances, an useful member of society, and an ornament in the station she was designed to fill.

Particulars may be obtained at the "home" or of the undersigned, by whom Subscriptions and Donations will be gratefully received.

S. CROUCH, Secretary. Argyle-street
Servants' "House", High-street. 14th of 10th Month, 1856."

Source: SERVANTS' HOME. (1856, November 1). The Courier (Hobart, Tas. : 1840 - 1859), p. 1.
Link: https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2506506

THE RULES No's. 1-5:



FEMALE SERVANTS' HOME, HIGH -STREET. (1856, November 26).
The Tasmanian Daily News (Hobart Town, Tas. : 1855 - 1858), p. 3.
Source: https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article202389475

TRANSCRIPT
Female Servants' Home, High-street.
Various rumours being abroad as to the conditions on which servants are admitted into the " home," the committee have determined to publish the rules for the information of the public generally, and at the same time to thank those ladies and gentlemen both in town and country who have come forward so kindly and generously with subscriptions to aid in establishing this institution.
The rules to be observed by the inmates of the servants'-" home."
1st. Admission rule— Each person must produce her own character.
She must also signify her intention to conform to the following rules by signing them in a book kept for that purpose.
2nd. That each person so admitted must pay to the housekeeper three shillings per week (in advance) which will entitle her to a bed, the use of the fire, and other necessaries for cooking, washing, &., with the accommodation of the sitting room.
3rd. That each person will be required to deposit one shilling with the housekeeper, which sum will be returned on her leaving the establishment, provided nothing is destroyed which was appropriated to her individual use.
4th. In the event of any female leaving before her week is expired, so much of the three shillings will be returned as will amount to the payment of sixpence each night she shall have occupied the lodging.
5th. The doors of the building will be closed at nine o'clock, when each person is expected to be in, and the lights out at ten o'clock. No intoxicating drinks will be allowed on the premises ; but no further restraint will be used, or undue influence exercised in the choice of situation or otherwise.

S. Crouch, Secretary.

N.B.— Any inmate preferring to take her meals off the housekeeper can procure either at nine pence per meal.

FEMALE SERVANTS' HOME, HIGH -STREET. (1856, November 26).
The Tasmanian Daily News (Hobart Town, Tas. : 1855 - 1858), p. 3.
Source: https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article202389475

H. H. Baily's portrait of Sarah (Rothwell) Crouch
One way of looking at this photograph is to see it as a piece of cardboard on which is printed an image. Perhaps it has commercial value only because of age, condition, and provenance. Another way is to step into the scene and participate as the photographer might while talking to his sitter. Still another way is to trace the journey of each element in the picture from any known context in which it has appeared up to the present, in which case the familiar object in this portrait of Sarah Crouch by H. H. Baily is the carpet with a pattern of large dark lozenges rimmed in white. It was formerly used by Alfred Bock as one of his studio carpets, then by Thomas Nevin for one of several set-ups for taking portraits in the same studio in 1868, and finally the same carpet was used in this portrait of Sarah Crouch by Henry Hall Baily, that is, if he photographed her before her death in 1876. Note that Sarah Crouch wore her velvet jacket over her dress for her sitting in the Alfred Bock and H. H. Baily photographs, but had taken it off for her sitting with Thomas J. Nevin.

On the other hand, is this just a piece of cardboard which was reprinted by Henry Hall Baily from an original capture taken by Alfred Bock before 1865; then reprinted by Thomas Nevin, operating as Nevin & Smith between 1865-1868; or, later, reprinted by Thomas Nevin again from 1868-1875 when both Bock's stock and Nevin's negatives were reprinted by Samuel Clifford to 1878; and lastly, reprinted by Henry Hall Baily ca. 1880? Reprints were mostly at the request of the client and family. All three photographers - Alfred Bock, Samuel Clifford, and Henry Hall Baily - were close friends and colleagues of Thomas J. Nevin from the early 1860s to his retirement in 1888. To further complicate matters of copying, from the early 1860s the source of their studio carpets, tables, drapes and backsheets was the family warehouse of Charles A. Woolley, the most senior photographer of their Hobart cohort. His studio furnishings and photographic paraphernalia were passed around among members of that cohort when times were hard, which was more often than not.



Photograph of Sarah Crouch,
University of Tasmania Library Special and Rare Materials Collection
Link: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/7214/
Photograph of Sarah Crouch, wife of Thomas James Crouch, under sheriff of Van Diemen's Land. The photographer was Henry Hall Baily who had studios in Elizabeth and Liverpool Streets, Hobart from 1865-1918.



Verso: Photograph of Sarah Crouch
University of Tasmania Library Special and Rare Materials Collection
Link: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/7214/



Woolley's Carpets and Upholstery Warehouse, Macquarie St.
Series: Photographs and Glass Plate Negatives collected by E R Pretyman (NS1013)
Archives Tasmania Ref: NS1013_1_1895

Providence Valley Burial Ground
In 1836 the Society of Friends (Quakers) established a cemetery on ground purchased from William Shoobridge's Providence Valley Farm. Sarah Crouch was buried there in 1876, so too was her husband Thomas Crouch in 1890. About 60 people, including members of the Propsting, Mather, Benson, Bell, Rowntree and Walker families used the cemetery until its closure in 1912. The former burial ground is now called the Friends' Park, Hill Street. The headstones of Sarah Crouch and others were retained and displayed around the park's perimeter.

Sarah Crouch tomsbstone Tasmania

Gravestone of Sarah Rothwell Crouch at Providence Valley Farm
Source: UTAS, eprints.utas.edu



Friends' Park
Source: G. Ritchie, photos and text
Link: https://ontheconvicttrail.blogspot.com/2014/04/friends-park-west-hobart.html
Friends Park is a small park in West Hobart that started life as a burial ground for the Society of Friends (Quakers). The land had originally been granted to William Shoobridge in the early 1820's and he had set up a farming enterprise. Although Shoobridge was a practicing Methodist, he found himself supporting the work of a number of Quaker missionaries who had visited Van Diemen's Land in the early 1830's. As a show of his support, he agreed to give the Society of Friends a half acre portion of his farm land in order for the Society to establish a burial grounds for themselves. As it turned out, following the establishment of the burial ground, Shoobridge himself became the first person to be buried there after he passed away in 1836.

The burial ground continued to provide for the Quakers into the 1900's. Even after the Cornelian Bay cemetery was opened in 1872 and many of Hobart's numerous suburban burial grounds were closed, the Society of Friends burial ground was able to continue operating because it fell outside the Hobart municipal boundary. Following the rezoning of the region into the new Greater Hobart municipality, the burial ground was finally closed in 1908.

It just remained as an unused burial ground until 1937 when the Hobart City Council negotiated with the Friends Society for the transfer of the land to the council so that it could be converted to a community recreation space for the growing West Hobart community.

Under the terms of the transfer agreement, the park was to be renamed Friends Park and the headstones were to be repositioned and re-erected around the walls of the new park. This was subsequently completed and the newly named Friends Park has continued to provide the local community with a beautiful recreational space. One with a very interesting past.

Source: https://ontheconvicttrail.blogspot.com/2014/04/friends-park-west-hobart.html

The Nevin and Shoobridge families
Shortly before Thomas J. Nevin's death in 1923 at his home, 270 Elizabeth St. Hobart, his eldest daughter known as May Nevin (1872-1955) made arrangements with her close friend Winifred Shoobridge, daughter of Annie Crouch and Richard Shoobridge, grand daughter of William Shoobridge of Providence Valley, to move with her brothers George, William, and Albert into the property at No's 23-29 Newdegate St., or Queen Street as it was then called until 1925, formerly Providence Valley, where they would remain until the death of May Nevin in 1955. Her other two siblings - Minnie Drew nee Nevin and Tom "Sonny" Nevin - were both married and living elsewhere by 1907. Each of the four remaining adult siblings set up a business on the Newdegate St. property: May did dressmaking; George sold vegetables from the garden; William ran a furniture removal business, and Albert trained a stable of pacers. In 1925 Queen Street was renamed Newdegate Street after Governor Sir Francis Newdegate (1917-1920) to avoid duplication with Queen Street, Sandy Bay.



The house at 23 Newdegate St. North Hobart, formerly Queen St. and Providence Valley (on the Shoobridge estate).Children of Albert Nevin, grandchildren of Thomas J. Nevin and Elizabeth Rachel Nevin nee Day out front, 1930s.
Signage of W. J. Nevin, carrier, son of Thomas and Elizabeth Nevin at left.
Copyright © KLW NFC 2006-2009 Private Collection ARR.



Metropolitan Drainage Board Map. No. 58 ca. 1908
The property 23-29 Newdegate St. formerly Queen St. where Thomas and Elizabeth Nevin's adult children settled from c 1923 to the late 1950s.
Queen St. North Hobart was renamed Newdegate St. after Governor of Tasmania Francis Newegate (1917-1920).
Source: Archives Office of Tasmania Ref: 628270



No. 23 Newdegate St. North Hobart Tasmania
The units on either side of the house and cottage were built with the sale of part of the property in the 1960s.
Google maps 2019

Updated 29 August 2026
Copyright © KLW NFC Imprint 2020-2026


RELATED POSTS main weblog

Prisoner William DAWSON 1873-1874

This prisoner William Dawson arrived at Hobart, Van Diemen's Land on board the Barossa 2 in 1844, sentenced to seven (7) yrs for stealing mutton and two pheasants from Mr Hillsby at York. He was single, 24 yrs old, a groom and coachman. His singular focus throughout his criminal career was the theft of food for himself and others, including his horses.

He is not to be confused with William Dawson, Wesleyan Minister of Westbury (Tas) whose will dated 1886 is held at the Archives Office of Tasmania, nor with a Dr William Dawson who decapitated a man, reported in the press on 19 March 1869, when allegations that Dr Crowther and others in his medical and scientific cohort were taking bodies out of graves. Those "gentlemen collectors" involved included Morton Allport, who sought personal rewards for "donating" indigenous skeletal remains to overseas private and public collections.



Recto: Prisoner William Dawson per Barossa 2, Hobart Gaol, 8 Feb 1874
Photographed by government contractor Thomas J. Nevin fl. 1865-1886
Inscribed with the number "46" on mount in 1983
TMAG Ref: Q15584



Verso: cdv of prisoner William Dawson per Barossa 2
Inscribed in 1900s with the number "113" and “Taken at Port Arthur 1874”
NB: This mugshot was NOT TAKEN at Port Arthur, it was taken at the Hobart Gaol, 8 Feb 1874
Photographed by government contractor Thomas J. Nevin fl. 1865-1886
TMAG Ref: Q15584

The cdv was numbered "46" under the image on front mount in 1983 to keep track of it and 70 similar "convict" cdvs when it was removed from the QVMAG in Launceston for display at an exhibition, the Port Arthur Conservation and Development Project (PACDP) at the Port Arthur prison heritage site. It was not returned to the QVMAG, deposited instead in 1984 at the TMAG in Hobart where it is currently held. The verso of the cdv was numbered "113" with the prisoner's name and ship, and the phrase "Taken at Port Arthur 1874" in the early 1900s by John Watt Beattie and associates for display and sale as tourist souvenirs at his "Port Arthur" convictaria museum located at 51 Murray St. Hobart, and for inclusion in travelling exhibitions of convict records and artefacts on board the fake convict hulk "Success" at Hobart, Sydney and Adelaide during the tourist boom of the 1890s - 1900s.

Conduct Record 1853-1878
Government contractor Thomas J. Nevin photographed prisoner William Dawson on discharge to freedom from the Hobart Gaol in the week 8-11 February 1874. This document records Dawson's employment history and several minor offences from 1853 to 1878, such as defacing a book and disfiguring another prisoner by cutting off his hair.



Source: Libraries Tasmania
Link:https://libraries.tas.gov.au/Digital/CON33-1-59/CON33-1-59P327
Link:https://libraries.tas.gov.au/Record/NamesIndex/1386488

Parliamentary Record 1870
Williams Dawson was 42 yrs old when he was tried at Hobart on 14 September 1867. He was sentenced to six years for larceny on 18 Sept 1869 and sent to the Port Arthur prison on the Tasman Peninsula, 60 kms south of Hobart. He was relocated to the Hobart Gaol on 23 August 1873, approved by the Attorney-General when his discharge was confirmed, and photographed per regulations in the week of 8-11 Feb 1874.



William Dawson was listed among colonial funded prisoners at Port Arthur in 1870. Many in this list were relocated to Hobart Gaol from 1873 where Nevin photographed them on arrival and/or discharge.

Source: Convicts. Paupers and Lunatics at Port Arthur
Return to an Order of the House dated 8th September 1870 (Mr. C. Meredith)
Laid upon the Table by the Colonial Treasurer, and ordered by the House to be printed October 13, 1870
Source: https://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/PPWeb/1870/HA1870pp128.pdf

Police Gazette Record 1874
William Dawson's longest sentence in the 1860s-1870s (6 yrs) was served for the larceny of six flitches of bacon, and six hams. Lesser charges were for the theft of oats and hay:

PRESS REPORT 22 July 1869
TRANSCRIPT

POLICE COURT.
Wednesday, July 21st, I860. Before the Stipendiary Magistrate.
Burglary. - William Dawson and Edward Ryall, were charged on remand, with having on the night of the 6th July, inst., burglariously entered the premises of Messrs. Creswell and Turner in Macquarie-street, and stolen therefrom a large quantity of bacon.

The Superintendent of Police (Mr. Propsting) conducted the case for the prosecution.
Mr. Moriarty appeared for the prisoner Ryall. The prisoner Dawson was undefended.

William Creswell, butcher, of Macquarie-street, deposed : On the 6th July inst., about half past six in the evening I left my shop secured. I locked the door myself, and on returning to my place of business next morning I found that the box of the door-lock had been taken off. The door was closed to but not fastened. On going in I found a chopper on a table. I missed six sides of bacon and five hams. The five sides and four hams now produced are part of the same property, and are worth £25. I was not present when the property was found. The chopper produced is the one I have referred to. Mr. Stevenson, my managing man, went to the shop with me on the morning of the 7th inst. I am in partnership with Mr. William Turner, junr.

William Stevenson deposed - I am in the employ of the last witness. 1 was at my employer's shop on the evening of the 6th inst, and left about 6 o'clock. The door was not locked in my presence. I know the property now produced. It was in my employer's possession on the night of the 6th inst. I went to the shop again about a quarter to 7 on the morning of the 7th. Mr. Creswell came afterwards and sent to Mr. Turner for the key. When the key arrived he put it into the door and the door flew open. I then searched the place and found there were six flitches of bacon, and six hams wanting. The flitch of bacon I now point out I recognise from it having been stabbed with a sharp pointed knife, and the ham I point out was cut and cured by me from a pig killed at Mr. Walker's. I believe the cords with which one of the hams and four sides of the bacon produced are strung, are cords which I put in, and that the others are not.

At this stage the prisoners were ordered to stand back in order to procure the attendance of another witness. Mr. T. Westbrook at the same time took his seat on the Bench.

Source: LAW INTELLIGENCE (1869, July 22). The Mercury (Hobart, Tas. : 1860 - 1954), p. 3.
Link: https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article8860300

ARRESTED 26 March 1866
ARRESTED 22 Nov 1867
DISCHARGED 25 March 1868
ARRESTED 13 Sept 1869 larceny, sentenced to 6 yrs imprisonment with hard labour
DISCHARGED 11 February1874 and photographed by T. Nevin
CONVICTED Jan 1876 larceny, 3 months
DISCHARGED April 1876
DISCHARGED 27 July 1878
DISCHARGED 22 Jan 1879
ADMITTED Newtown Charitable Institute
1 Oct 1887 to 15 Nov 1887,
23 Feb 1894 to 14 Jun 1894,
08 Mar 1898 to 19 Sep 1898,
05 Aug 1899 to 06 Aug 1899
DISCHARGED pauper 11 Aug 1899
DEATH ? 15 Sept 1900 Hobart Hospital

DISCHARGED 11 Feb 1874



Source: Tasmania Reports of Crime for Police (weekly gazette), Gov't printer J. Barnard

Prisoner William Dawson per Barossa 2 was photographed by contractor T. J. Nevin on discharge from the Hobart Gaol in the week ending 11 February 1874. He was tried for larceny at the Supreme Court Hobart on 14 September 1869 and sentenced to six (6) years. He was from York (UK), 50 years old at time of discharge, 5ft 5ins tall, greyish hair, scar on lip and five blue dots on the back of his left hand. The five dots tattoo known as the "quincunx," (like the side of a die/dice), was historically associated with 19th-century criminal gangs in London and Australia known as the "Forty Thieves" (AI), the four outer dots thought to represent the four walls of a prison cell, and the inner dot the prisoner, symbolizing time served behind bars (AI).

Five dots, convict tattoo

Source of image: Simon Barnard (2016) Convict Tattoos: Marked Men and Women of Australia (Text publishing)
https://www.simonbarnard.com.au/product/convict-tattoos/

Fakery and frame-up at the TMAG
The Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery constructed four wooden-framed collages under glass from their collection of Thomas Nevin's prisoner mugshots for an exhibition titled Mirror with a Memory at the National Portrait Gallery, Canberra, in 2000. William Dawson's image was placed bottom row, extreme left in this frame. However, for reasons best described as blind-sided, the TMAG staff who chose these mugshots sent the four frames to Canberra - five cdvs in the first frame, six cdvs per frame in the other three - with printed labels on the back of each wooden frame stating that the photographs were attributed to A. H. Boyd, the much despised Commandant of the Port Arthur prison. A. H. Boyd was not a photographer by any definition of the term, nor an engineer despite any pretension on his part and the social pretensions of his descendants who began circulating the photographer attribution as a rumour in the 1980s to compensate no doubt for Boyd's vile reputation. The history of this misattribution since the 1980s is documented fully on this site and in this recent article.



Top, left to right: James Glenn, William Ryan, Alfred Doran
Bottom, left to right: William Dawson, John Dowling, James Merchant
Photos copyright © KLW NFC Imprint 2014-2015
Taken at the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, 10 November 2014

RELATED POSTS main weblog

PrisonerJohn FITZPATRICK and/or John FITZGERALD 1867-1885

Convict transportation records and prisoner aliases 1840s
Key penal discipline documents tabled in the Tasmanian Parliament 1870s

The Mugshot
Two copies of this photograph are extant. Nowhere does the error of the ship's name written on the verso of this mugshot- viz. Ld Lyndoch 2 - appear on the transportation records for prisoner John Fitzpatrick. From T. J. Nevin's original uncut photograph and duplicates (usually 4) produced for Hobart Gaol records in 1874, to the format of a single carte-de-visite in a buff mount printed for distribution to regional and intercolonial police on the prisoner's discharge, it was incorrectly inscribed verso by later archivists when selected for display as an artefact of Tasmania's penal history during the tourism boom years of the 1890s -1930s.



John Fitzpatrick per Lord Auckland 2 - not Lord Lyndoch 2 - was 52 years old when T. J. Nevin photographed him on being received at the Hobart Gaol during transfer of several dozen prisoners under remand and sentence between July 1873 and August 1874 from the derelict Port Arthur prison. There may exist a mugshot taken on the arrest in 1880 of a younger prisoner called John Fitzgerald whose name John Fitzpatrick used in 1870 as an alias - or not, given the destruction of prison records during the Joseph Lyons era of government in the first decades of the 20th century. Fifteen year old John Fitzgerald arrived at Hobart on the same ship, the Lord Auckland 2, in August 1846 as 21 year old John Fitzpatrick.

The TMAG copy
This copy of the mugshot of prisoner John Fitzpatrick per Lord Auckland 2 was salvaged from the Sheriff's Office Hobart Gaol (Tasmania) by John Watt Beattie in the early 1900s for display at his convictaria museum in Murray Street, Hobart. The original photograph of the prisoner was taken for police records by commercial photographer and government contractor Thomas J. Nevin in the years 1873-74. It was numbered "218" verso by Beattie et al decades later with the prisoner's name "John Fitzpatrick". Two factual errors were then added regarding (a) the name of the ship on which John Fitzpatrick was transported to Hobart, Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) in 1846 - it was the Ld Auckland 2, not the Ld Lyndock 2 [sic Lyndoch] and (b) where and when Nevin took the photograph. It was not taken at Port Arthur in 1874; it was taken for the Colonial government and Hobart Municipal Police Office on prisoner John Fitzpatrick's transfer to the Hobart Gaol in 1873-1874, and most likely reprinted from the same negative on his discharge in 1876.

The number on the recto of this copy -"182" - was written in 1983 when it was removed from John Watt Beattie's collection at the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Launceston. It was among 50 or more similar mugshots taken by T. J. Nevin in the 1870s to be included in an exhibition at the former Port Arthur prison 60 kms south of Hobart. At the close of the exhibition this mugshot and the other fifty (50) or so were not returned to Beattie's collection at the QVMAG (see the list of those missing here). It was deposited instead at the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart where it remains and was scanned for this weblog in 2015.



Prisoner John Fitzpatrick
Location and date: Hobart Gaol and Police Office 1874-1876
Photographer: Thomas J. Nevin (1842-1923)
Recto inscription: "182"; verso inscription "218"
Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Ref: TMAG Q15613



Verso inscriptions:
Left margin, vertical: "6 months escaping prison, 22 Jan [/] 86 "
Numbered - 218 -
"John Fitzpatrick
per Ld. Lyndock 2nd [sic Lyndoch]
(Taken at Port Arthur 1874)"
Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery
Ref: TMAG Q15613.back

The NLA copy
This is a clean cdv copy (below) of the original 1874 photograph in a buff mount of prisoner John Fitzpatrick which was donated by Dr Neil Gunson to the National Library of Australia, Canberra, in the 1960s and correctly attributed to photographer Thomas J. Nevin on accession. It was sourced from government estrays, possibly from remainders offered for sale which were associated with intercolonial travelling exhibitions of convictaria on board the fake convict hulk, Success of the 1890s, to which John Watt Beattie contributed photographs, manuscripts and artefacts from his "Port Arthur Museum" located in Murray Street, Hobart. Beattie used a synoptic version of the Supreme Court trials and Hobart goal records such as the Parliamentary Papers (below) to make a selection of the more notorious criminals for display in his museum, and those are the photographs which are now extant, transcribed with a generic date "1874" and the label "Port Arthur" to cater to the tourist's fascination with Tasmania's history as a British penal colony, a complement to the publication date of Marcus Clarke's serial and bestselling novel, "For the Term of His Natural Life", 1870/1874 and the films based on the novel which followed in 1907 and 1929.

1960s-2007: NLA catalogue record





The verso of this copy carries the same errors regarding the ship and date and place of capture as the verso inscription of the TMAG/QVMAG copy, minus the vertical inscription with the date 1886, indicating clearly that it was either copied earlier from the only copy held at the QVMAG, or it was one of the four duplicates which Nevin would have produced from his glass negative at his one and only sitting with the prisoner in 1874 at the Hobart Gaol.



John Fitzpatrick, per Ld. [i.e. Lord] Lyndock 2,[sic] taken at Port Arthur, 1874.
Part of collection: Convict portraits, Port Arthur, 1874.
Gunson Collection file 203/7/54.
Title from inscription on reverse.
Inscription: "218"--On reverse.
https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-142913116

The National Library's recent confabulation of a photographer attribution to the Port Arthur commandant A. H. Boyd which appeared on their catalogue notes in 2010 for their collection of 80 or so "Convict portraits, Port Arthur, 1874" is a corporate perversity. Put simply, it is corrupt librarianship to abject their original and correct attribution to T. J. Nevin in the 1960s-1980s simply to appease those few in the 1990s photohistory cohort (Reeder 1995, Long 1995, Clark 2010) who sought personal gratification and career advancement through baseless speculation about a possible attribution to the non-photographer A. H. Boyd. Despite all factual and freely available historical evidence testifying clearly to Thomas J. Nevin as the original accredited and contracted photographer in historical documents held within the NLA as well as at the Archives Office Tasmania (and there are a dozen more of his mugshots held by the State Library of NSW), and having discovered none whatsoever in the last 20 years that proves in any way their fantasy about A. H. Boyd, the NLA still has his attribution visible on some of their catalogue entries.

Records tabled in Parliament 1870 and 1874
Early 20th century archivists and exhibitors of these extant mugshots (1930s-1950s) used the two key parliamentary documents of 1870 and 1874 (below) when deciding which prisoners' photographs to select and display from the collections held at the QVMAG, the TMAG, the NLA and the Tasmanian Archives Office. Those old early selections have persisted as groups of mugshots to be exhibited whenever required by a gallery, museum, library or even publisher right up to the present (e.g.Sideshow Alley: Thomas Nevin at the NPG Canberra exhibition 2015).

1870: Port Arthur
In this list of prisoners under sentence and funded as Colonial convicts (as distinct from Imperial funded convict) which was submitted to the Tasmanian Parliament by James Boyd, Civil Commandant, Port Arthur (not to be confused with his successor A. H. Boyd), on 30th September 1870, the only prisoner listed with the name John Fitzpatrick was transported on the Lord Auckland, not the Lord Lyndoch. In 1870 John Fitzpatrick was 45 years old and serving a sentence of five (5) years imprisonment.

The name "John Fitzgerald", his alias when arrested in January 1870, does not appear in this 1870s list tabled in Parliament, nor does the ship "Lord Lyndoch" appear next to Fitzpatrick's name. By 1880, an "old man" called John Fitzgerald was arrested for developing counterfeit moulds. He was sentenced to five years, but was he John Fitzpatrick or John Fitzgerald? Both had arrived on the Lord Auckland 2 in 1846. Had John Fitzpatrick reverted to his former alias, "John Fitzgerald" or was this offender a different person whose real name was Fitzgerald but whose mugshot seems not to have survived? The Launceston Examiner's report referred to him as "an old man" in 1880, recorded by police as 51 years old, per Ld Auckland, born therefore ca. 1829 (see section POLICE GAZETTE records below).



Name: Fitzpatrick, John
Ship: Lord Auckland
Age in 1870: 45
Sentence: 5 years imprisonment

1870 - Tasmania
Convicts. Paupers and Lunatics at Port Arthur
Return to an Order of the House dated 8th September 1870 (Mr. C. Meredith)
Laid upon the Table by the Colonial Treasurer, and ordered by the House to be printed October 13, 1870

See ADDENDA 1 below for the full document
Source: https://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/PPWeb/1870/HA1870pp128.pdf

1874: Hobart Gaol
This is the document which provides the most interesting evidence of where those prisoners whose mugshots have survived were employed when officially listed as inmates of the Gaol and House of Corrections for Males, Hobart Town during the years 1873 and 1874. There are several dozen names of prisoners in this list whose mugshots are currently extant that were taken by Thomas J. Nevin at the Supreme Court and Hobart Gaol while these men were still under remand or sentence at Hobart, especially those with longer sentences processed in 1873 and earlier. Most of these prisoners would have been photographed, their mugshots discarded, lost, stolen or destroyed. Those which are extant can be found on this site. To find the photograph and more details of prisoners' criminal careers on this list, use this site's Complete Archive on front page, and Search Box in sidebar.

Try these Rogues Galleries in the first instance.

Rogues Gallery: Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Collection
Rogues Gallery: the QVMAG prisoner photographs collection
Rogues Gallery: the National Library of Australia collection

Pages 5-7
Nominal Return of all Prisoners whether under Remand or Sentence, in the Gaol and House of Correction for Males at Hobart Town, on the 8th December 1874.







[From left to right]
Age: 52
Name of Prisoner: Fitzpatrick, John
Offence for which imprisoned: Receiving
Date of Sentence: 13.1.70 [1870]
Extent of Sentence: 5 years
How employed on 8th December 1874: Gang labour
Remarks as to Character: Indifferent.

TASMANIA.
HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY.
PENAL DISCIPLINE
REPORT OF COMMISSION.
Laid upon the Table by the Attorney-General, and ordered by the House to be printed, August 10, 1875.

See ADDENDA 2 below for the full document
Source: https://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/PPWeb/1875/HA1875pp49.pdf

Dozens of names in these lists can be found on the versos of prisoners' photographs held in the NLA, TMAG and QVMAG collections. In a recent publication sponsored by the National Library of Australia titled Exiled: The Port Arthur Convict Photographs (Edwin Barnard, NLA 2010), John Fitzpatrick's photograph and transportation details appear on page 205:



From the NLA collection of "Convict portraits, Port Arthur, 1874"
Page 205: Exiled: The Port Arthur Convict Photographs (Edwin Barnard, NLA 2010
Prisoners George Fisher, John Fitzpatrick, James Foley, William Forster, Thomas Francis
Photo © KLW NFC 2013
Read more in this article here.


Police Gazette Records
John Fitzpatrick per Ld Auckland 2, 42 years old, native of Dublin, 5'4" in height, dark brown hair, Free in Servitude (FS) was tried at Kempton (Tas) on 9 February 1867 for larceny. He was sentenced to six months at the Hobart Gaol on 9 February 1867 and discharged on 9th October 1867.

1867: sentenced to 6 months



Source: Tasmania Information for Police (weekly Police Gazette)

1870: convicted 5 years
Three years later John Fitzpatrick per Lord Auckland 2 was using an alias "John Fitzgerald" when he was arrested for feloniously receiving and sentenced to 5 years' imprisonment. Or did the police just confuse him with the 15 year old John Fitzgerald who also arrived at Hobart on the same ship?



Source: Tasmania Information for Police (weekly Police Gazette)

1876: convicted 6 months



Source: Tasmania Information for Police (weekly Police Gazette)

John Fitzpatrick per Ld Auckland, 52 years old, was convicted at New Norfolk for larceny, sentenced to six months. He was 52 years old when convicted, photographed on sentencing by government contractor T. J. Nevin on being received at the Hobart Gaol and House of Correction for Males, Campbell Street.

1876: discharge 7 years
John Fitzpatrick per Ld Auckland 2 had received an addtional two years to his sentence of five years for prison offences by the time of his discharge in February 1876. He was listed as 54 years old on this record.



Source: Tasmania Information for Police (weekly Police Gazette)

When John Fitzpatrick was discharged from two months' respite at the Invalid Depot, Launceston, in 1879, the name of his ship was erroneously recorded as "Lady Auckland".



John Fitzpatrick, Invalid Depot, Launceston FRIDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1879
Source of all police gazette notices: Tasmania Information for Police (Police Gazette) J. Barnard, Gov't printer

1880: Fitzgerald or Fitzpatrick?



Source: LONGFORD. (1880, June 26). Launceston Examiner p. 3.
https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article38259736

TRANSCRIPT
LONGFORD. (From our own Correspondent.) An old man named John Fitzgerald was taken into custody last night by Mr Superintendent East and Constable Hall upon a charge of uttering counterfeit shillings. He had succeeded in passing three or four during the last four days to several shopkeepers on the township, and when arrested had another in his purse. He had only recently taken up his residence upon Primrose Hill, where, upon search being made this morning, his "working plant" was discovered. He was brought up at the Police Office this morning, and remanded until Monday, when there is no doubt the charge will be clearly proved against him. June 25.
Launceston Examiner (Tas. : 1842 - 1899), Saturday 26 June 1880, page 3
John Fitzgerald, aged 51 years, charged base shillings to Richard Groves, Jamos Allen, and Jacob Bond, on the I8th, 21st, and 22nd June last.

1880: In his own words: John Fitzgerald at trial
Launceston Examiner, Friday 27 August 1880, page 3
https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article38261920

TRANSCRIPT
SUPREME COURT, LAUNCESTON
CRIMINAL SESSIONS.
THURSDAY, August 26.
Before His Honour Mr Justice Dobson.
The Crown prosecutions were conducted by the Solicitor-General, Mr R. P. Adams UTTERING. John Fitzgerald, aged 51 years, was charged with having in his possession a mould for making counterfeit coin. The prisoner pleaded, not guilty. The following jury were empanelled: Messrs D. Burke (foreman), T. Watson. J. Coulson, ,Vm. Brown, D. Lucas, R. Mead, J. l'OClemon, Chas. Lucas, J. Lansdell, F. Reid, C. Box, John Smith. James East, Superintendent of Police at Longford, deposed that he went to prisoner's hut in company with Constable Hall; the hut was situate at Primrose Hill; witness went to the hut in consequence of complaints having been made about persons receiving bad money ; when witness went to the hut he told prisoner that he was suspected of passing bad money; prisoner denied the fact; witness then asked if he had any money, which he denied ; witness then said he should want to see; prisoner then handed the purse produced to witness, which contained 6s in good money, and in another compartment was some bad money; the coin produced was one; prisoner said he must have taken it from Mr Cooper; prisoner was then arrested; Constable Hall, who was present at the hearing of the case against the prisoner, has since left the colony ; on the way to the watchhouse prisoner said that he had done no more than any other person would have done when taking a bad shilling, try to pass it to someone else.
Detective-Sergeant Wilson deposed that he knew Constable Hall of the Longford Police, and last saw him on the 17th of July, when he left by the S.S. Mangana, for Melbourne ; Hall said that he had been suspended for neglect of duty, and was going to George Town to see a friend; a warrant had been issued for his apprehension ; on the return of this steamer witness was informed that Hall went to Melbourne.
Henry S. Hutchinson, Council Clerk at Longford, deposed that he took the evidence of Constable Hall at the hearing of the case against the prisoner at the Longford Police Court; the prisoner had an opportunity of cross-examining Hall.
The deposition of Constable Hall was here read, which stated that he had found a plaster of Paris mould, a tin pannikin, and some ointment at the prisoner's house. Mr Hutchinson, re-examined, deposed the mould bore the impress of a shilling; he also produced the plaster of Paris, as well as a box of ointment, which is used to brighten shillings with; the counterfeit coin resembles a genuine coin. David Allen, a baker in Longford, deposed that he went to prisoner's hut with Constable Hall ; two coins were found in the plates of the wall by witness, which were handed to Hall; they were like the coins produced; Hall found a bit of metal in the fireplace amongst the ashes ; these resemble the pieces produced.
James Cooper deposed that the prisoner was in his employment about the 24th June last, and had been so for about nine days; witness sold him a pound of plaster of Paris a day or two before that; prisoner did not then say what he wanted the plaster of Paris for, but afterwards said that a man on the Cressy-road wanted some and asked him to get some ; the plaster of Paris was folded up in a bag like the one produced; witness never gave prisoner a bad shilling.
Richard Groves Taylor deposed that he was a storekeeper at Longford, and recollected the prisoner coming to his shop and tendered in payment a shilling, which witness afterwards found to he bad ; witness handed the shilling back to prisoner, who said that he had got it from Dickenson, the butcher; witness had taken a bad shilling the night previous.
Thomas Dickenson, a butcher, deposed that he never gave the prisoner a bad shilling, and had no knowledge of his dealing at his shop.
This closed the case for the prosecution.
The prisoner here read his statement, which stated that when he took the cottage he found a couple of tin pannikins, one of which contained some metal ; he asked Mrs Stapleton, a next door neighbour, if she knew anything about them ; she said she did; prisoner afterwards found a shilling, which turned out to be bad; prisoner afterwards heard that some more bad shillings were found, but he could solemnly declare that he knew nothing about them.
Ann Stapleton, a prisoner at present undergoing a'sentence in the female House of Correction, deposed that she did not recollect the prisoner making any statement about finding some tin pannikins or saucepans in the house.
His Honour having summed up, the jury retired, and after a brief absence returned into Court with a verdict of guilty.
SENTENCES. ... John Fitzgerald, convicted of having a mould in his possession for the making of counterfeit coin, on being asked if he had anything to say why judgment should not be passed upon him, said that he knew nothing about the mould being in the hut when he went to live there. His Honour said the prisoner had been found guilty of having a mould for the making of counterfeit coin in his possession, and he had no hesitation in saying that he considered the jury had arrived at a just conclusion, when it was taken into consideration that only just before to the prisoner had purchased some plaster of Paris, which no doubt had been used in the making of the moulds. Passing bad money was a most serious offence, as it often robbed both poor people and shopkeepers, who took it in exchange for their goods. The sentence of the Court would be five years' Imprisonment.

Cornwall Chronicle (Launceston, Tas. : 1835 - 1880), Thursday 26 August 1880, page 3

1880: arraigned for casting counterfeit coin


Source: Tasmania Information for Police (weekly Police Gazette)

Charged as "John Fitzgerald" per Lord Auckland, 51 yrs old. The Launceston Examinerstated confidently that "there is no doubt the charge will be clearly proved against him."

1885: discharged to Invalid Depot



Source: Tasmania Information for Police (weekly Police Gazette)

John Fitzgerald, 65 yrs old, 5'4" tall, per Ld. Auckland was discharged from the Hobart Gaol on 23 May 1885, tried at the Supreme Court, Launceston on 26 August 1880, sentenced to 5 years for having a mould for making base coin. Scar across left fingers, face slightly pockpitted, scar centre forehead. Residue of sentence remitted.



Source: Tasmania Information for Police (weekly Police Gazette)

No. of Authority, 29. John Fitgerald per Ld Auckland was discharged from the Invalid Depot, New Town, Hobart on 14 July 1885.

An ex-prisoner called John Fitzpatrick died at the Invalid Depot, Launceston, on 11 January, 1888 of senility. He was supposedly 74 years old, which would indicate he was born ca. 1814, and if it was the same man who was transported per the Lord Auckland 2 in 1846, he would have been 32 years old on arrival, which does not tally with his age as 52 yrs at 1874 and an arrival date of 1846, .

Another ex-prisoner called John Fitzgerald, a tanner, died of senility at the New Town Charitable Institution, Hobart on 22 August 1894, age 66 years, born Ireland, which would indicate he was born ca. 1828. Since none of these records confirm one way or another who the real John Fitzpatrick was when his name was printed in the 1870 Port Arthur list tabled in Parliament as a 45 year old colonial prisoner serving 5 years imprisonment, and therefore born ca. 1825, and again in the December 1874 Hobart Gaol list of inmates tabled in Parliament as a 52 year old prisoner of indifferent character serving 5 years for receiving, sentenced 13 January 1870, and employed in gang labour, born therefore ca. 1822, accurate conclusions about this prisoner's transportation records remain elusive. But given the circumstances under which photographer Thomas J. Nevin was commissioned to provide the Colonial government with mugshots of over 200 prisoners who were transferred to the Hobart Gaol from the Port Arthur prison between July 1873 and August 1874 (see ADDENDA 2 below), with the addition of others extending into the 1880s, the most likely contender would be the prisoner called John Fitzpatrick who was transported on the Lord Auckland 2, arriving at Hobart in 1846, 21 years old, b. ca. 1822-1825.

Transported records to VDL
The Archives Office of Tasmania holds three different transportation records, which appear to conflate or confuse prisoners called John Fitzpatrick and John Fitzgerald, all arriving at Hobart on the same date, 25 August 1846 and on the same ship, the Lord Auckland 2. One record is for a prisoner who was 40 years old in 1846 on arrival named John Fitzpatrick (no. 19043); another named John Fitzpatrick (no. 19036) who was 21 years old in 1846, and yet another named John Fitzgerald (no. 19037) who was 15 years old on arrival in 1846. The confusion between these three men stems from the apparent coincidence that a 21 yr old named John Fitzpatrick and a 15 year old named John Fitzgerald both arrived at Hobart on the Lord Auckland in August 1846, and that the older man John Fitzpatrick, photographed by Nevin, used the alias of John Fitzgerald to confuse police when convicted at the Supreme Court, Launceston, in 1870.

This record for the 21 year old John Fitzpatrick, transported for 7 years, carries the mysterious note:
"Again Transported Vide Misc. 8 Nov.26 73". 



Fitzpatrick, John
Record Type: Convicts
Employer: Cahill, Joseph: 1857
Additional identifier: 1
Property: Port Arthur Penal Station
Departure date: 19 Apr 1846
Departure port: Dublin
Ship: Lord Auckland (2)
Place of origin:Dublin,
Voyage number: 270
Remarks: Application to bring out family GO33/1/70 p576
Police number: 19036
Index number: 23639
Record ID: NAME_INDEXES:1392320
https://stors.tas.gov.au/CON33-1-82$init=CON33-1-82P54


This conduct record (below) indicates further offences and sentence for convict (no. 19037) "John Fitzgerald" in 1868, 1879, and 1880. Some of John Fitzgerald's employment and criminal activities are listed on this document, including duties as a hospital wardsman in 1855.



Name: Fitzgerald, John
Record Type: Convicts
Property: Port Arthur Penal Station
Departure date: 19 Apr 1846
Departure port: Dublin
Ship: Lord Auckland (2)
Place of origin: Kilkenny
Voyage number: 270
Police number: 19037
Index number: 23540
Record ID: NAME_INDEXES:139221
Link:https://stors.tas.gov.au/CON33-1-82$init=CON33-1-82P55


Addenda 1:
1870 Tasmania
Convicts. Paupers and Lunatics at Port Arthur
Return to an Order of the House dated 8th September 1870 (Mr. C. Meredith)
Laid upon the Table by the Colonial Treasurer,
and ordered by the House to be printed October 13, 1870
Source: https://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/PPWeb/1870/HA1870pp128.pdf



Cover and pages 3-7


Pages 6 and 7


Source: https://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/PPWeb/1870/HA1870pp128.pdf

Addenda 2
(No.49) 1875.
TASMANIA.
HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY.
PENAL DISCIPLINE. REPORT OF COMMISSION.
Laid upon the Table by the Attorney-General, and ordered by the House to be printed, August 10, 1875.

List of offences of male prisoners, Hobart Gaol, December 1874: Superior Courts



List of offences of male prisoners, Hobart Gaol, December 1874: Inferior Courts



Pages 3 and 4



Pages 5 and 6



Page 7



(No.49) 1875.
TASMANIA.
HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY.
PENAL DISCIPLINE. REPORT OF COMMISSION.
Laid upon the Table by the Attorney-General, and ordered by the House to be printed, August 10, 1875.
Source: https://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/PPWeb/1875/HA1875pp49.pdf


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