FAIRLIE 1852 Parkhurst boys
PRISONER MUGSHOTS by Thomas J. NEVIN 1870s
Photographic portraits by Thomas J. Nevin of his parents ca. 1871-3.
Copyright © KLW NFC Imprint & Private Collection of Denis Shelverton 2006-2007. ARR.
John Nevin and family leave Ireland, March 1852
Thomas James Nevin's father, John Nevin snr (1808-1887) served in the Royal Scots First Regiment of Foot in the West Indies from 1825 and at the Canadian Rebellions from 1838-41, returning to Grey Abbey, Ireland where he married Mary Ann Dickson and where their four children were born. They emigrated to Tasmania in March 1852. John Nevin snr worked as a pensioner guard on board the convict transport the Fairlie for the passage of his English-born wife Mary Ann (Dickson) Nevin (1810-1875) and their four children, all under 12 years of age: -
CHILDREN of John and Mary NEVIN
Thomas James Nevin: (1842-1923) died Hobart at age 80
Mary Ann Nevin: (1844-1878) died Hobart at age 34
Rebecca Jane Nevin (1847-1865) died Hobart at age 18
William John Nevin (1851-1891) died Hobart at age 39
On their arrival at Hobart in July 1852, 10 year old Thomas Nevin joined the small population of free settlers numbering 44,340 in the December 1852 Census. The convict population numbered 19,105 or 30% of the total census for that year. But by 1857, only five years later, with the cessation of transportation to Van Diemen's Land in 1853, the convict population dwindled to just 3,008 or 3.7% of the island's population. The numbers recorded for the Aboriginal population - estimates of 7000 in 1818 to 15 in 1857 - speak clearly of genocide.
The Ratio of Convicts to Free Settlers in Tasmania 1818-1857
Source: Newman, Terry (2005)Becoming Tasmania : renaming Van Diemen's Land. Parliament of Tasmania
Thomas J. Nevin, commercial and prisons photographer
Such exposure from an early age to convicts made Thomas J. Nevin the most suitable candidate of all Hobart professional photographers to undertake contractual commissions to document habitual and repeat offenders, several of whom were transported convicts sent back to the Port Arthur prison after serving their initial sentence. As re-offenders with a further sentence in the Supreme Court, they were relocated from Port Arthur back to the Hobart Gaol if sent there after 1871, the process undertaken from October 1873 onwards. They were photographed by Nevin on being "received".
Thomas J. Nevin began the systematic documentation of prisoner identification photography in mid 1872, working at several sites, namely: the Port Arthur prison on the Tasman Peninsula (1873-4); the city police courts and Supreme Court next to the Hobart Gaol , with the assistance later of his younger brother Constable John Nevin (1872-1888); and the Municipal Police Office Hobart Town Hall where he was Office and Hall Keeper for the Hobart City Corporation (1875-1880). In later years he acted as bailiff's assistant to detectives serving warrants with known offenders' photographs attached (to ca. 1886). Over the decade and longer, the Nevin brothers produced over a thousand original and duplicate mugshots of Tasmanian prisoners, the bulk of which was lost, destroyed or sold at auction. One notable auction was in Hobart in the late 1890s (Alexander, A. 2010). Less than 400 or so (three hundred plus) photographs of Tasmanian prisoners ("convicts") taken by T. J. Nevin survive from the 1870s, and only those it seems, which were selected by archivists and collectors such as John Watt Beattie in the 1900s on the basis of the prisoner's notoriety (and the quality of Nevin's photography, which Beattie admired). Many were offered for sale at travelling exhibitions associated with the fake convict hulk Success in the early 1900s.
The complete list of convicts arriving on the Fairlie 1852 was compiled by the State Library of Queensland from British Home Office (HO) records, available on microfilm as part of the Australian Joint Copying Project online here at source.
The Parkhurst Boys 1852
This information is copied verbatim from the website Convicts Central (formerly online):
"Fairlie - arrived in TAS in 1852The 30 'exiled' boys who were transported on the 'Fairlie' are transcribed below.
The 'Fairlie' is said to have left the Isle of Wight on March 2, 1852 and to have travelled to Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) with 30 Parkhurst boys on board.
She sailed from Plymouth on March 11, 1852 with a total of 292 male prisoners and arrived in Hobart on July 3, 1852. All 32 Parkhurst boys were said to have disembarked in Tasmania
Paul Buddee's book, 'Fate of the Artful Dodger' and his research notes which were deposited in the Battye Library in Perth some time later, listed the boys."
Surname Christian Name(s) Term Age Trial Place Day Mth Year Offence Comments
Barlow Henry 10y 17 Clerkenwell 05 12 1848 stealing ... .... .... .... ....
Barton Thomas 10y 15 Manchester 12 04 1849 stealing two 6 pences 5 previous convictions listed
Bettison Edw. 7y 16 Clerkenwell 21 12 1847 stealing brass Listed as a tailor with 3 previous convictions
Brown William 7y 14 Central Criminal Court 18 09 1848 larceny ... .... .... .... ....
Carter John 10y 16 Chelmsford 03 04 1849 larceny Listed as having previously been given 7yrs transportation
Cavill Samuel 7y 16 Taunton 08 01 1849 stealing a drake Previous convictions listed
Collins Hugh 7y 14 Glasgow 25 04 1849 house breaking Listed as having a reckless disposition; Trial date could have been 30/3/1849
Curley Martin 7y 13 Stafford 28 06 1847 house breaking Listed as a vagrant who was once whipped
Douglas Robert 7y 16 Glasgow 23 04 1849 house breaking aka [Edward]
Elson Jacob 10y 16 Stafford 16 10 1848 stealing a jacket 2 previous convictions listed
Flower James 10y 16 Middlesex 13 07 1847 stealing aka [HOMER]; 6 previous convictions listed
Gill John 14y 14 Exeter 06 09 1848 stealing a mare Listed as a tailor who may have been transported previously
Green Joseph 7y 15 Gloucester 07 05 1849 stealing scuffle shears Listed as a canal boatman; Trial date could have been 3/7/1849
Gurney James 10y 16 Middlesex 21 11 1848 stealing Trial date could have been 7/2/1848 or 7/9/1848
Harvey James 7y 14 Taunton 17 10 1848 stealing apples 2 previous convictions listed
Surname Christian Name(s) Term Age Trial Place Day Mth Year Offence Comments
Jackson John 7y 14 Middlesex 07 09 1847 stealing two pies 3 previous convictions listed
Jones John 15y 14 Hereford 31 07 1849 arson ... .... .... .... ....
Jones John 7y 15 Lancaster 15 10 1849 stealing trousers 2 previous convictions listed
Melburne Henry 7y .. Cambridge 01 01 1849 stealing from master aka [MELBOURNE]
Moore Archibald 7y 16 Glasgow 14 09 1849 theft Listed as a turner
Muir Peter 7y 17 Glasgow 17 05 1849 theft 5 previous convictions listed; Trial place could have been Edinburgh
Nutt George 7y 13 Central Criminal Court 15 05 1848 larceny Listed as a shoemaker
Parker James 7y 16 Devon 05 09 1849 stealing horse hair aka [GRANT]; Listed as a farmer's boy; Trial place could be Exeter
Pilgrim John 7y 17 Central Criminal Court 22 08 1849 larceny Previous convictions listed; Trial date could be 22/10/1849
Riley Charles 7y 16 Middlesex 19 12 1848 stealing 12 pairs stockings etc Listed as a blacksmith with 2 previous convictions
Sheepwash Saul 7y 14 Middlesex 06 06 1848 larceny ... .... .... .... ....
Simpson James ... 16 Aberdeen 20 09 1849 theft Listed as a hawker with 2 previous convictions
Smith James 7y 16 Manchester 10 10 1849 felony Listed as a whitesmith who had been in prison 6 times
Usher David 7y 17 Durham 21 02 1849 stealing apparel 2 previous convictions listed
York Zachariah 7y 15 Stafford 02 07 1849 horse stealing Listed as a boat boy
Source: : Parkhurst boys on the Fairlie 1852 (no longer online in 2021)
Thomas J. Nevin's mugshots of Tasmanian Prisoners 1870s
Thomas J. Nevin photographed at least two of the transportees from the group of Parkhurst boys and the group of adult male prisoner group from the Fairlie (1852). As with all offenders, they were photographed on sentencing and discharge according to the rules adopted from NSW and Victorian legislation by 1872. When the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery held an exhibition in 1977 of seventy (70) or so of T. J. Nevin's photographs of prisoners, the curator's press release noted that several adults photographed in the 1870s had been Parkhurst boys. George Nutt aka White, for example, was transported as a Parkhurst boy, and Michael Murphy as an adult, both of whom voyaged on the Fairlie, along with free settlers John Nevin and family, arriving at Hobart in July 1852. Both were recidivists who re-offended, and were photographed by Nevin on incarceration at Supreme Court sittings in Hobart. Neither was photographed at Port Arthur, nor were the vast majority of these men whose photographs have survived. The archivist or collector who wrote the prisoner's name and ship, plus the date "1874" and "Taken at Port Arthur" on the verso in the early 1900s did so with the commercial imperative and an eye to attracting the tourist to Port Arthur, promoted then as now as Tasmania's premier tourist attraction.
Above: T. J. Nevin's mugshot of George White alias Nutt, transported on the Fairlie 1852.
Date inscribed on verso is 1874
From the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery Collection
Ref: QVM: 1985: P:70
Above: T. J. Nevin's mugshot of Michael Murphy per Fairlie 1852
From the QVMAG Collection Ref: QVM: 1985: P:120
The police gazette records for these men and many more who arrived on the Fairlie 1852 are now online at the Archives Office of Tasmania, called Tasmania Reports of Crime Information for Police. The ship's records of prisoners' conduct are also online - see this digitised record Item: CON33-1-107 for the original convicts record book of the Fairlie 1852, with this information about George Nutt:
Detail of convict record (below) for George Nutt
Archives Office of Tasmania CON33-1-107P197
- and with this information about Michael Murphy:
Detail of convict record (below) of Michael Murphy.
Archives Office of Tasmania CON33-1-107P171
Source: Archives Office of Tasmania
RELATED POSTS main weblog:
- Rogues Gallery: the QVMAG Collection
- Thomas Nevin's glass plates of prisoners 1870
- Nevins on sick lists on the Fairlie 1852
- Convict Carte No. 1: George WHITE aka NUTT