Rogues Gallery: the QVMAG prisoner photographs collection

THOMAS J. NEVIN 1870s
JOHN WATT BEATTIE 1916



Prisoner SMITH, William per Rodney 3
QVMAG Collection
Photographer: Thomas J. Nevin 1874
Verso stamped with Nevin’s Royal Arms government contractor stamp

These police mugshots taken by police and commercial photographer Thomas J. Nevin in the 1870s-80s at the Port Arthur prison, the Hobart Gaol (assisted by his brother Constable John Nevin) and the Hobart Municipal Police Office (Mayor's Court, Hobart Town Hall) are held in the John Watt Beattie Collection at the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Launceston, Tasmania. Most are Nevin's originals and duplicates produced in vignette carte-de-visite format; some were reproduced from Nevin's glass negatives by Beattie for sale and exhibition in Hobart at his museum and in Sydney at the Royal Hotel in conjunction with convictaria from the fake prison ship Success (1916). An exhibition of these photographs by T. J. Nevin was held at the QVMAG in 1977.









Forty prints of 1870s Tasmania prisoners in three panels
Original prints of negatives by T. J. Nevin 1870s
Reprints by J. W. Beattie ca. 1915
QVMAG Collection: Ref : 1983_p_0163-0176

These forty photographs in three frames were listed for sale in Beattie’s Port Arthur Museum Catalogue (1916) as item no. 69:

69. Three Frames containing 40 photographs taken at Port Arthur, showing types of Imperial Prisoners there.

See these articles:

• Exhibition held in 1977 at the QVMAG.
• John Watt Beattie and the Nevin family legacy
• Thomas Nevin's glass negatives of prisoners 1870s 

At least fifty more of these prisoner photographs from the 1870s which were originally held in the QVMAG collection were removed in 1983 for an exhibition at the Port Arthur heritage site and not returned, deposited instead at the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. Only 72 cdvs of the much larger donation from Beattie's estate in the 1930s are now extant at the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Launceston. Click here to view the TMAG collection digitised for KLW NFC Imprint (2015). The majority of the prisoner photographs held at the QVMAG and the TMAG bear a pencilled number on the front. Those numbers appearing as missing prisoner photographs on the QVMAG lists of 1-300 convict cdvs which were originally archived at the QVMAG in Beattie’s collection had been physically removed from the QVMAG collection in 1983 by Elspeth Wishart for a display and exhibition at the Port Arthur Heritage Site.

The list of the Beattie collection with missing numbers (received here in 2005):







The list of the remaining 72 Tasmanian prisoner “portraits” in the Beattie Collection 2005 (QVMAG)
The numbers pencilled on the right show those which were removed in 1983 and taken to Port Arthur for an exhibition, but were returned to the TMAG and not the QVMAG .
Copyright © KLW NFC Imprint 2005

BLACK & WHITE copies, QVMAG collection:



William Humphries


Ephraim Doe


Thomas Fleming



Bewley Tuck



William Yeomans



George White alias Nutt



Joseph Grahame



John Merchant



Nathan Hunt



William Burley



John Kerswell



Charles Petts



Henry Singleton (aka Richard Pinches)



John O'Brien



James Jones (aka Brocklehurst)



Michael Dwyer



James Saunders



Henry Roberts



William Welham



James Connolly



William Clemo



John Gould



Michael Harrigan or Horrigan and Sullivan, transported as Michael Lynch



William Turner



Thomas Saunders



Charles Dawnes (correct spelling is Downes)



Richard Corbeth



William Forster (aka Charles Brown)



James McNally



William McKay or Ross



Alexander Woods



James Todd



John Finlay



William Curtis - reconvicted as John Curtis, manslaughter 1856



Edward Ray



William Baker



William Marsden



John Funt



James Foley



Emmanuel Piper



George Neill aka Neale



Peter Killeen



William Walker



James Page



Charles Garforth/Garfitt



John Donovan



Thomas Harrison


Thomas Jackson



Charles Clifford



Charles Steventon



J. W. Blanchfield



Thomas Page



William Hansbury



Michael Murphy



John Brown



John Barnes



Stephen O'Brien



Richard Cosker or Cocker



Charles Rosetta



James Morgan



Patrick Grant



Thomas Kelly



Philip Aylward



George Robinson



William Smith per Gilmore 3



John Williams



William Woodley



Henry Broadmore



William Dunn



Peter Perry

THE FORTY ORIGINAL PAPER PRINTS from the three panels:









































Photos courtesy of the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery 2015.
Copyright © KLW NFC 2015 ARR

These same original 1870s prints were copied at the QVMAG in the 1980s as black and white photographs, considerably cleaned of scratches and cracks.

Chris Long's long con
Amateur historian Chris Long spent a few weeks at the QVMAG in Launceston in 1985 re-photographing as black & white prints the 40 uncut cdvs of prisoners taken by Nevin in the 1870s  (those on the three panels, example above), fogging out cracks and scratches on the sepia originals in the process for reasons only known to himself, since they serve no purpose, unless he single-mindedly decided to muddy their provenance as Nevin's, and their primary function as police mugshots, in order to cover up his stupid error in proclaiming that Nevin didn't take the photos, contradicting historical evidence and the experts in the field, and that they were taken by the Commandant at Port Arthur, A. H. Boyd,  never before heard of as a "photographer" by anyone for the simple reason he wasn't one. No photograph of prisoners or of any other subject in any genre was ever attributed to the non-photographer A. H. Boyd prior to Chris Long's long game of gambling his reputation on this silly claim. Chris Long's impulse as usual was to satisfy his personal need to imprint his own fantasy on primary historical documents until the facts about them all but disappear under his gifted amateur touch (gifting  himself and grifting others in the process). The originals of the 40 uncut cdvs had been removed from the prisoners' Hobart Gaol rap sheets of the 1870s by John Watt Beattie and pasted in three panels for exhibition and sale in 1916.

A selection of the QVMAG collection of these mugshots was exhibited at the Art Gallery of NSW in 1976 and at the QVMAG in 1977 as the work of Thomas J. Nevin . All of the prisoners in the photographs mounted as cdvs had been named by that date - some incorrectly - by archivists either for the 1934 exhibition in memory of John Watt Beattie and his convictaria collection, or by the curatorial staff there in 1958, in 1977, in 1983-5, and 1991 - dates which appear either on the versos or in the accession sheets of public institutions which received Nevin's originals, Nevin's duplicates, or Beattie's copies. The Archives Office of Tasmania holds similar images, both originals and copies, and some are of unidentified prisoners, although the same man in the same print is identified in the QVMAG collection. All men pictured in the mugshots held at the National Library of Australia in Canberra - and many picture the same men as those listed in the QVMAG collection and in the National Library's collection - were identified on accession in 1962, 1982 and 1985, including the identity of the photographer T. J. Nevin, indicating clearly that the NLA received its collection from Tasmania.

The prints below are Chris Long's cleaned-up black & white reprints from Nevin's 1870s sepia prints which Beattie had pasted in three panels, and which Long reproduced in 1985 at the QVMAG, their purpose known only to Long himself. Most of these prisoners have been identified. With some patience, the prisoners in these reproductions at the QVMAG (1985) can be identified by collating the sepia uncut originals (1870s) with the original carte-de-visite prints inside oval buff mounts (1870s-1880s) held at the QVMAG,  TMAG, and NLA, leaving a bundle who remain unidentified.

Thomas Nevin on kunanyi/Mount Wellington 1860s

Naming Mount Wellington
The Bicentenary of the Battle of Waterloo, in which the British, led by the Duke of Wellington defeated the Emperor of France, Napoleon Bonaparte (Belgium, 1815), is being celebrated in Britain this month (June 2015). View the re-enactments 18-21 June 2015 of the Battle of Waterloo 1815 at YouTube.

Mount Wellington was commonly referred to as Table Mountain by explorers to Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) from Bligh's visit in 1791 until 1832 when Matthew Flinders renamed it after the Duke of Wellington. Under dual-naming policy, the mountain is known as kunanyi in Palawa-kani, the revived composite language of Tasmanian Aborigines.

Thomas Nevin on kunanyi/Mount Wellington
Copies of this selection of stereographs taken by Thomas J. Nevin, late 1860s, on and around the summit of kunanyi/Mount Wellington, were sourced from the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Collection in 2015.



Snow on kunanyi/Mt Wellington at the "Ploughed Field"
Stereograph on buff mount
Thomas J. Nevin late 1860s
TMAG Ref: Q1994.56.16. Verso below.





A group at the Beacon Light, kunanyi/Mt. Wellington
Stereograph on buff mount
Thomas J. Nevin late 1860s
TMAG Ref: 1994.56.29. Verso below.





A large party sitting atop the Beacon Light, kunanyi/Mt. Wellington
Stereograph on buff mount 
Thomas J. Nevin late 1860s
TMAG Ref: Q16826.7. Verso below.





A group at the Rocking Stone, kunanyi/Wellington. 
Stereograph on buff mount 
Thomas J. Nevin late 1860s
TMAG Ref: Q1994.56.4.Verso below.





Three men sitting on boulders, kunanyi/Mt. Wellington
Stereograph on buff mount 
Thomas J. Nevin late 1860s
TMAG Ref: Q16826.32. Verso below.





Ferns covered in snow, kunanyi/Mt. Wellington
Stereograph on buff mount
Thomas J. Nevin late 1860s
TMAG Ref: Q16826.31.1.Verso below.



[Above] A selection of stereographs taken by Thomas J. Nevin, late 1860s, on and around the summit of kunanyi/Mount Wellington From the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Collection 2015


Samuel Clifford: footsore on Mt Wellington 1865
Thomas Nevin's close friend and colleague Samuel Clifford made a photographic excursion to the Falls (Springs) half way up kunanyi/Mount Wellington on February 9th, 1865, and regretted he had not worn the appropriate foot wear. This is his note left in the Visitors' book:



Visitors Book: kunanyi/Mount Wellington
Item Number: NS4160/1/1
Description: Vistors Book
Further Description:
Start Date: 04 Dec 1860
End Date: 31 Oct 1865
Source: Archives Office of Tasmania

TRANSCRIPT

February 9th
S. Clifford          Hobart Town
G. Wittington     Port Arthur
H. Ballantyne     Hobart Town
Visited the Falls on a Photographic Excursion, consider our trip amply repaid by the splendid scenery but regret the Gentlemen in the preceding pages [did not leave his address =  struck through] who made the journey to the Falls and back again in 2½ hours did not leave address that we might have obtained the name of his Boot maker. -

This is the place where the guide to the mountain Mr. Woods and his family resided and where the visitors to the Falls signed the Visitor's Book, photographed by Samuel Clifford on this visit or later, reprinted with the date  ca. 1873. A photograph of Samuel Clifford on kunanyi/Mt. Wellington also survives, taken by another photographer, probably his friend and collaborator Thomas Nevin.



Archives Office Tasmania
Huts at the Springs on kunanyi/Mt Wellington [ca. 1873]
Physical description: 1 photograph : sepia toned ; 11 x 19 cm.
Notes: Title inscribed in ink below image ; date noted in pencil at lower right of image on album page ; item number noted in ink at centre left of image on album page.
Exact size 105 x 184 mm. "Tasmanian scenes" also known as "Clifford album 1".

A Queensland visitor's account of a trip up the mountain 1864
From the Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald and General Advertiser (Qld. : 1861 - 1908), Thursday 14 July 1864, page 4

A TRIP UP MOUNT WELLINGTON, TASMANIA. This mountain is situated in the county of Bucking-ham, Tasmania, and about six miles west of the city of Hobart Town, the highest point being 4166 feet above the level of the sea. Its appearance from the town in clear weather is most imposing, but the summit, at times, is enveloped in clouds of fog, and occasionally in the winter season capped with snow of no inconsi-derable depth. During the summer months the resi-dents in the neighbourhood make up parties of perhaps six or twelve, and starting with the sun just peeping over the eastern hills, ascend its summit, a distance in reality of about eight miles; but, owing to the very steep and difficult track to be traversed, is equal, in regard to labour, to double that distance.

In winter very few venture up, it being, at times, impassable, from the depth of snow, or dangerous, on account of the uncer-tainty of fogs which, at times, come over so suddenly that a person could not, on such an occasion, without great risk of slipping between the rocks, or losing his way, descend its rugged sides in safety. Our party, consisting of three, being on a visit to the colony, having spent two days in the quiet city of Hobart Town, admiring the delightful scenery around and the magnificent river on which it is built, resolved to spend a day on the mount. Making inquiries, we were rather discouraged by being informed that it was very imprudent at this time of year (the month of May) to attempt it, for the reasons just mentioned, our in-formants relating to our astonished ears accounts of some unfortunate having gone up and never having been seen or heard of again; or of some others who were lost for days and at last discovered in the last stage of exhaustion; then of broken limbs caused by slipping off the rocky points with which it in some parts abounds or of illness caused by drinking the nearly freezing water on its summit. All these pleasing little anecdotes made us thoughtful; we looked at the terrible hill and wondered how anything so beautiful could be dangerous. However, discrediting two-thirds of our information, and resolving to risk the other, we called our worthy host, and having made arrangements with him to prepare us a little of some-thing eatable and a small bottle of brandy each for the following morning, we sallied forth to the adjacent livery stable and ordered a dog-cart to be ready, so that we might save all the walking possible.

A tolerably clear and sunny morning followed, and each partaking of a hearty breakfast, we strapped our provisions and opera glasses at our sides, and at half past nine o'clock drove off along Macquarie-street, the only two miles of our road along which a vehicle could pass. This was soon accomplished, and descending at De Graves' (the Cascades), which is at the foot of the Mount, we started on foot. It was now a quarter to ten. After walking about a mile, the Huon road branches off to the left; we, continuing onwards and entering the dense forest through which our road lay, arrived at the first steep ascent. Our labours com-menced; upwards a little to the left, then to the right, we arrived, out of breath, on what is called thle First Level. Here we stopped a moment to rest. Onwards again, we saw before us another treat in store. Again we went rapidly upwards, but this time found it no easy task, as the track was covered with loose stones, which threatened every moment to introduce the nose to some geological specimen. A quarter of an hour of this laborious exercise, without the slightest prospect of another "level," suggested the propriety of a halt for a few moments, and upwards again, winding right and left, and jumping over fallen trees which lay across our path, until at last we found a second but very short level. Here another moment's stay, and then a fresh ascent of some difficulty, till, after a great many slips and jumps, and several halts, we at last emerged from the dense mass of noble trees through which we had passed, and came upon the "Huts," at The Springs, three in number, each guarded by a small but very noisy dog, under chain, the dumb trio welcoming us with no small amount of barking and straining to get at us. Entering the best of the three, we were accom-modated with seats before resuming our journey. The hut we were in was built of logs, containing but one apartment, in which lived a man, his wife (who was ill in bed at this time), children, and a woman acting as nurse. We were informed afterwards that this man receives a small remuneration from Government for his services, rendered if necessary to any one who should go past his abode, but who not returning by nightfall need assistance to find his way back. Here, too, the late visitor in returning may sleep, the room being divided on such an occasion by a screen.

These huts are situated about half-way between the Cascades and the mountain top, and from here a limited but beautiful view is obtained, the trees around having been to a great extent cut down. After stopping about a quarter of an hour, and ordering a meal to be ready on our return, and procuring the services of a man to accompany us as a guide, at ten minutes to twelve we again started. Our ascent now began to assume a still more rugged appearance, it being steep, rough, and wet, and requiring a deal of exertion to ascend it with-out falling. A quarter of an hour brought us to the first ice-house, a log building not now in use, built to preserve ice gathered from the mountain for Govern-ment use. Passing this we came upon fresh difficulties; it was now climbing over dead logs, and pushing through dead brushwood, which lay thickly covering the rugged and slippery track. After passing the new ice-house, and scrambling upwards for about half-an-hour, we halted at the upper ice-house, or rather the charred and roofless remains of a rude building for-merly used as such. Lighting our pipes we enjoyed a seat on the stones, our legs beginning to feel the effects of the up-hill work we had been doing. Soon beginning to get very cold, however, we made another start, leaving the ruins and the very ex-tensive view seen from here behind us, and taking a path at right angles to the one we had just pursued, pushing our way through and amongst the weather-leached dead scerubs and logs, which here lay thick and troublesome, we at last came up to the Ploughed Field. This is the most difficult and dangerous part of the ascent, it being an extensive plain of huge masses of rock heaped one on the other in wild confusion, between some of which there are crevices of from four to ten feet in depth, a fall down any of which, without assistance at hand, would be dangerous in the extreme, as it would be impossible to get out again even sup-posing you escaped with a whole skin. The greatest caution is, therefore, necessary in crossing this "field;" from here to the summit there is no track to follow, the wind blows with great force and the temperature is extremely cold; all vegetation ceases, nothing to is seen but barren rocks. Tying out hats on we commenced like so many frogs to leap from rock to rock, now balancing on one of a very uneven and slippery surface, next leaping off again, after being nearly blown backwards by a sudden gust of chilling wind, and then a halt for breath or to obtain something like a perpendicular before another leap, varying the performances by scrambling over one, or climbing up or slipping down another. Labor omnia vincit.

After about twenty-five minutes severe exercise, with red noses and burning ears, we reached the opposite side of this novel field, where the unpleasant-looking crevices were supplied with the more safe substitutes of soil. Again climbing over a few upright and slippery rocks, little streams of water trickling down their sides and forming miniature lagoons at their base-we came upon the "Plains." Our guide informed us that there is plenty of kangaroo hunting about these plains in the summer time; also, that by crossing to the right we should arrive at the Giant's Grave-two perpendicular rocks supporting another horizontally, and near to which the Rocking Stone, a huge egg-shaped rock, so nicely balanced that one person can rock it to and fro. But we, preferring to lose no time in arriving at the summit, went across towards the Pinnacle, at which, after walking about a mile and a half amongst the rocks, we arrived at half-past one o'clock, having been exactly three hours and fifty minutes from where we left the dog-cart at De Graves'. The Pinnacle is a square structure built by Government on this, the highest point of the mountain, of logs of wood laid one over the other, horizontally, about fourteen feet in height and seven or eight through, the centre being filled up with stones. Taking a seat to leeward of this building, so as to escape the severity of the wind, we turned our attention to the magnificent view and vast extent of country before us. Below lay Hobart Town, more resembling in appearance a beautiful model than a real city, so small appeared the numerous buildings, streets, wharves, and vessels in and around it; beyond, on the banks of the Derwent, the Domain, Botanical Gardens, and Government House, and Newtown; following the course of the river to he northward, the bridge crossing it at Bridgewater (the main road through to Launceston), and on the other side the Dromedary, a mount in the neighbourhood of Bridgewater about 3245 feet in height-the several ranges in the counties of Monmouth, Somerset, and Glamorgan: and (we were informed), in clear weather, the Ben Lomond Ranges in the county of Cornwall are plainly visible, the highest point of which is 5019 feet above the sea, and is distant in a straight line from Mount Wellington about ninety miles. Again, in the distance to the east-ward, Pitt Water, Storm Bay, Norfolk Bay, the hills on Tasman's Peninsular, and others in the country of Pembroke, and a small portion of the blue waters of the Pacific; to the southward Cape Direction and the entrance to the Derwent, and the hills of North Bruni and South Bruni, the mouth of the Huon River, and the high ranges in the county of Kent, the highest point of which (Mount Picton) is 4340 feet. This prospect is grand beyond description-its magnificence must be witnessed to be thoroughly appreciated.

Changing our position to the other side of the Pinnacle, and looking westward, we found the view nearly hidden by the rugged rocks on the west side of this mount, and Collins' Bonnet, an adjacent hill of considerable height, all that was visible being the blue tops of the ranges on the west border of the county of Buckingham, the highest point of which is 4721 feet above the sea. Again turning to the north, and peering through our glasses at the many tiny farms and homesteads scattered far and wide, with their little patches of cultivated land around them, and Far to the south and east, where lay, Extended in succession gay, Deep waving fields and pastures green, With gentle slopes and groves between; and tracing out on the natural chart before us the nu-merous roads and townships, we thought of retracing our steps downwards, our guide considering it prudent to get across the Ploughed Field in case a fog should overtake us before we could get on the other side. So taking a last look around and feeling well rewarded for the exertions undertaken, we rose from our rocky seats and started at about half-past 2 o'clock across the Plains, feeling exceedingly stiff about the legs, and un-comfortably cold about the nose, ears, and finger ends. Arrived at the Ploughed Field we sat down behind the rocks out of the wind to refresh ourselves with sand-wich, brandy, and water-the latter obtained from among the crags around us. Feeling warmer, with much labour and difficulty, we crossed the field, finding it, strange to say, much more laborious than when we were going up. Passing the dilapidated ice-house we soon began rapidly to descend, now more pleasant, having got out of the severity of the wind to which we had been exposed-down, down, every yard increasing our fatigue, passing the lower ice-house at twenty-five minutes to 4; and again another tiring descent, we arrived at the huts at the Springs about 4 o'clock, gladly resting our weary limbs and aching legs for a while before proceeding. Our meal was ready, consist-ing of steaks, potatoes, bread, and tea, minus milk, a superfluous article on the mountain. It is needless to explain the relish with which we all three did full jus-tice to the viands thus set before us on a rude but clean table of home manufacture. It was evident that no trouble had been spared by the host during our absence in doing all in his power to make us comfortable. At his request we wrote a short account of our trip in a book, kept by him for that purpose, stating times of starting, arriving, and returning, with our names, &c., for the information of others in future.

After a stay of forty minutes, and remunerating our guide, we re-sumed our downward journey, entering the labyrinth of trees again, and dragging our now weary limbs down the very steep and slippery descents, occasionally vary-ing the amusements by scrambling over a fallen tree, or having to take a circuitous way round a similar ob-struction of too large dimensions to get over. Soon the sun's expiring rays between the trees disappeared, and approaching darkness began rapidly to surround us. Down, still down we went, till a quarter to 6, when we passed the Huon Road, and skirting Fern Tree Gully in the darkness (which lay deep and quiet on our left hand), we came upon the lights of the city. Refreshing ourselves, we took our seats, and were soon rattling along Macquarie-astreot, arriving at our hotel at half-past 6 o'clock, having been exactly nine hours ac-complishing this most gratifying excursion. By a blazing fire, stretched out in easy chairs in the coffee-room, our boots replaced by slippers, and a soothing cloud of tobacco smoke ever and anon above our heads, we all came to the conclusion that, regard-less of the labour (which we then admitted to be trifling) necessary to its accomplishment, all is repaid by the magnificent view obtained on "a trip up Mount Wellington. J. G. H.

Source:Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald and General Advertiser (Qld. : 1861 - 1908), Thursday 14 July 1864, page 4



kunanyi/Mount Wellington with the Derwent Entertainment Centre foreground, taken from the River Derwent. 
Photo copyright © KLW NFC Imprint 2015 ARR.

Hobart Gaol camera and mugshot books 1891-1901

Marion's Excelsior Camera, 22 & 23 Soho Sq., London W,
The firm operated from this address between c.1866 - 1913.
Held at the Penitentiary Chapel Historic Site, Campbell St. Hobart, Tasmania, site of the former Hobart Gaol and Supreme Court.
Photos copyright © KLW NFC 2015 ARR

This camera was used by the (as yet) unidentified photographer at the Hobart Gaol from the 1890s. Prior to the 1890s, prisoners were photographed by Constable John Nevin who was resident at the Gaol until his death from typhoid fever in 1891, working with his brother, commercial photographer and civil servant Thomas J. Nevin who attended the gaol and Supreme Court Oyer and Terminer sessions on a weekly roster. They used two rooms above the women's laundry as a studio. The cameras they used were wet plate, multi-lens cameras such as the 1860s American Scovill (possibly Peck) style wet-plate camera with four Darlot No.4 lenses, a Simon Wing 'Repeating' camera, or a stereoscopic, sliding box type, wet plate (wood, brass & glass), by Ottewill & Co, lenses manufactured by A Ross, London, England, 1860 - 1870.



Advertisement for the Marion Excelsior Studio Camera 1898, available in 9½, 12 and 15 square formats. with repeating single dark slide, extra front and all carriers with double extension, priced from  £5.5 to £13.10.

Sources: https://archive.org/stream/1898britishjourn00londuoft#page/10/mode/2up
https://archive.org/details/1898britishjourn00londuoft

Photographing prisoners was a laughing matter in 1895
During the famous Conlan case of 1895, in which a scam and fraud was attempted on the estate of an old ex-convict John Conlan who had lived life as a pauper but died apparently having hoarded a small fortune, the attention of Parliament was drawn to the irregular presence of newspaper photographers from the Tasmanian Mail taking photographs of the four accused inside the court room.  The Attorney-General's response was that he had given the press permission, although his recall about the details was hazy, and asserted in any case, that the taking of photographs of persons arrested both before conviction and after it was customary. The objection to being photographed before he was found guilty had been raised by one of the accused, John Marchant Frazer of California, arrested on suspicion, found guilty in the course of events, and sentenced to six years' imprisonment at the Hobart Gaol.  The concerns voiced in Parliament regarding the impropriety of photographing persons both innocent and under suspicion, as well as the disregard of personal privacy and the potential harm to personal reputation, was punctuated with a some very witty comments and loud outbursts of laughter.  This transcript of the session gives a very clear idea of how commonplace the photographic image had become for the police and judiciary by 1895.

FOR ADJOURNMENT.
"THE TASMANIAN" IN PARLIAMENT.
TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS IN THE POLICE COURT.
Mr. W. T. H. BROWN, having been granted leave to ask a question without notice, said he had noticed in the evening paper that when the Conlan will case was called on at the Police Court that morning, "Mr. Winch remarked, that there was a gentleman in the court with a camera, for the purpose of taking photographs of the accused and he objected to it." (Laughter.)
The Police Magistrate said it was by the order of the Attorney-General. (Loud laughter.) It might be a laughing matter to some, but it was not so to those concerned. The prisoner Frazer said he "objected to having his photograph taken before he was found guilty. " The Police Magistrate subsequently said that to have a camera in the court was most unseemly, and if the Attorney General was there he thought he would not allow it. Mr. Winch asked that if the photograph had been taken it should be de- tained in court. Now he would like an answer from the Attorney-General as to whether any gentleman, especially if he was connected with the press, had the right to go to the Police Court to take a photograph of anyone charged on suspicion as a guilty person.
The ATTORNEY-GENERAL: Permission was asked for, and granted by me. It is the custom to photograph persons arrested both before conviction and after it.
Mr. URQUHART : It's a piece of cheekiness.
Mr. BROWN : I think it time such a practice was put an end to.
Mr. URQUHART moved the adjournment of the House in order that the matter might be discussed. He thought such a practice might result in innocent persons being ruined. He was not aware there was any law by which photographs could be taken in this way. When a man was found guilty he was in the hands of the gaol officials but not before. Many a man was arrested on an unfounded suspicion, and he would like to know why there should remain in the hands of the gaol officials an imprint of that man's features. It was highly derogatory to the administration of justice that photographers should be allowed into the Police Court to take photographs.
Mr. MULCAHY: It does not hurt them. (Laughter.)
The PREMIER could not say what harm could arise from an innocent man having his photograph taken. They all had their photographs taken all their lives, and sometimes without permission. (Laughter). He would second the motion for the sake of discussion, because he was sure the Hon. member would withdraw it when he was told that this was a practice not peculiar to Tasmania -( laughter)-but common throughout a considerable portion of the world. The practice was, after all, a very harmless one, and the use of a camera did not make a man guilty.
Mr. BROWN: Sometimes it does. (Laughter.)
The PREMIER said that because a man's photograph was taken it did not pronounce that he had done anything wrong. In England judges on the bench were photographed.,
Mr. BROWN : Surreptitiously.
The PREMIER : Witnesses giving their evidence, the defendant, the prosecutor, jurors, barristers, and even the crier of the court, were photographed, and appeared in the illustrated papers, and no one ventured to say that any aspersion was cast on them because their photographs were published. Lots of persons spent large sums of money in being photographed, and some of them were innocent persons. (Laughter.)
Mr. BROWN said that was a very different thing from holding innocent persons up to public condemnation. No man's likeness should be taken as a prisoner until he was found guilty. So long as he was an innocent man let him remain so. He hoped steps would be taken to prevent anything of the kind in the future.
Mr. MULCAHY said that he agreed with the police magistrate, that it was unseemly to take the photograph of a prisoner in court, otherwise he could not say that there was any great grievance.
Mr. W. T. H. BROWN : I hope you won't be brought up on suspicion. (Laughter.)
Mr. MULCAHY: I should not regard being photographed as a grievance at all.
The ATTORNEY-GENERAL: I gave permission to take photographs of the four accused. I did not know when or where, and I did not think it would matter much. I do not want to create any unseemly scenes in the Police Court, and I do not apprehend that there was one. I am sorry to hear that in the opinion of the Police Magistrate an unseemly incident occurred.
Mr. MACKENZIE thought it was in the interests of justice that the men should be photographed, because if they were on bail they might bolt, and the colony might lose their pictures altogether. (Loud laughter.)
The motion for adjournment was put and negatived.

Source: FOR ADJOURNMENT. (1895, July 13). The Mercury (Hobart, Tas. : 1860 - 1954), p. 1 Supplement: The Mercury Supplement. Retrieved June 8, 2015, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article9305012



Source: nla.pic-vn4269861 PIC P1029/5 LOC Album 935 James Conlaw, per Hydrabad 3

Prisoner John Conlan, also known as James Conlan (mispelt as Conlaw at the NLA where this mugshot is held) was photographed by T. J. Nevin on 16th December 1874 at the Hobart Gaol when Conlan was discharged from a four year sentence for larceny. He lived as a pauper but was believed to have hoarded a fortune on his death. One of two fraudulent claimants who forged the will, James Marchant Frazer, received a sentence of six years for forgery on 26th July 1895.





Prisoner James Marchant Frazer 1895 objected to being photographed
Mugshots attached to his criminal record sheet
TAHO Ref: GD6312 Page1308

Michael Wm or Maurice Walch 1893-1935
The Marion Excelsior camera was used by the visiting photographer to the Hobart Gaol to photograph this Huon resident and recidivist, Michael William Walch in 1909 for his front and profile pair of mugshots, pasted at lower centre of page, and if still in use in 1935 at the Gaol, for the trio of a full-length photograph, a full frontal photograph, and the small profile photograph of Michael Walch who by that date had changed his middle name from William to Maurice (lower left of rap sheet.). In 1906 and 1935 he was arrested for the same offence of exposing himself. The earliest mugshots at right were taken in 1893 when he was 23 years old on being sentenced at the Supreme Court Hobart for common assault. By 1935 he would have been 65 years old when he was photographed at the Police Office Hobart in his three piece suit, shirt and tie, and hat. He served six months for indecent exposure. The full length photograph was introduced in the 1920s. For the most engaging police photographs in this genre, visit the NSW Justice and Police Museum mugshots page, especially the selection published by Peter Doyle. Crooks Like Us (2009),



Source: Archives Office State Library of Tasmania
Mugshots 1891 GD67-1-10, 1895 GD128-1-2, 1901 GD128-1-1

Thomas Clark 1897
A first offender, prisoner Thomas Clark and his co-arsonist George Campbell (see below), were sentenced to 4 years in 1896 but discharged in October 1897. The photographer applied the mugshot methods of Bertillon required by prison regulations by the 1890s in providing a pair of photographs, one full frontal and one in profile, but still printed both photographs in oval mounts typical of earlier commercial carte-de-visite production. Thomas Clark was photographed wearing the prison-issue houndstooth patterned tie with a shirt in the fortnight prior to discharge, but not the full prison uniform. The third photograph pasted to the bottom of his criminal sheet was taken on arrest, wearing the same collarless shirt and coat as his partner in crime, George Campbell, who was an inmate of the Boy's Training school when captured.



Source: Archives Office State Library of Tasmania
Mugshots 1891 GD67-1-10, 1895 GD128-1-2, 1901 GD128-1-1



George Campbell 1888 and 1897
These two photographs (Reg: 776) of prisoner George Campbell, one full frontal printed into an oval mount, the other in profile and unmounted, were taken a fortnight before he was discharged from the Hobart Gaol on 6th October 1897. Although appearing to wear civilian clothes, he was wearing the prison-issue houndstooth patterned tie on discharge. In 1888 he was sentenced to 4 years for larceny, and another 4 years for arson in 1896. He was sentenced for the same crime and on the same date as the prisoner Thomas Clark (see above), 24th March 1896. The third unmounted full frontal photograph pasted to the bottom of his rap sheet shows George Campbell as younger, thinner, and wearing his own shirt. It was probably taken on arrest while he was still at the Training School (Boys' Orphanage).



Source: Archives Office State Library of Tasmania
Mugshots 1891 GD67-1-10, 1895 GD128-1-2, 1901 GD128-1-1



Joshua Anson 1877 and 1897
Joshua Anson was indicted for feloniously stealing a quantity of photographic goods from his employer, H. H. Baily, photographer, of Hobart Town on May 31st, 1877. The charge was larceny as a servant. The prisoner pleaded not guilty. Despite the depositions of good character from photographer Samuel Clifford, Charles Walch the stationer, and W.R. Giblin, lawyer and Attorney-General, Joshua Anson (b. 1854, Hobart), was found guilty of stealing goods valued at £88, though the real value of the goods, which included camera equipment, negatives, paper, mounts, chemicals, tripods etc exceeded £140. He was sentenced to two years' imprisonment, with parole. On July 12, 1877, the Mercury reported that Joshua Anson's appeal was " to seek to retrieve his character by an honest career in another colony; and asked that during his incarceration he might be kept from the company of other prisoners as much as possible, though not, he said, on account of feeling himself above them, as the verdict of the jury removed that possibility." The seriousness of the crime warranted a 14 year sentence, but the jury strongly recommended him to mercy "on account of his youth".

Joshua Anson did not take the two photographs of himself that were pasted to his criminal sheet, the first (on left) in 1877 when he was 23 yrs old, and the second (on right) in 1897 when he was 43 yrs old, nor did he photograph any of the other prisoners for gaol records while serving time at the Hobart Gaol. His abhorrence of the company of convicts was extreme, as his statement testifies. His 1877 prisoner mugshot was taken by Constable John Nevin in situ, and unmounted. Thomas Nevin may have printed another for the Municipal Police Office Registry at the Town Hall, Macquaries St. Hobart where he was the Hall and Office Keeper, but it is yet to be identified among the Tasmanian prisoner cdvs held in public collections. Joshua Anson was certainly the beneficiary of Thomas Nevin's stock and commercial negatives when Samuel Clifford acquired them in 1876 and then sold them on to Joshua Anson and his brother Henry Anson in 1878. The Anson brothers reprinted Clifford & Nevin's Port Arthur stereoscopes for their highly commercial album, published in 1890 as Port Arthur Past and Present without due acknowledgement to either Nevin or Clifford.

The Launceston Examiner reported another theft by Joshua Anson on 30 May, 1896. The arrest, he was reported to have said, had brought on two epileptic fits. He was imprisoned again at the Hobart Gaol, served 12 months and discharged on 1st July 1897.



Source: Archives Office State Library of Tasmania
Mugshots 1891 GD67-1-10, 1895 GD128-1-2, 1901 GD128-1-1



TRANSCRIPT

HOBART, Friday
At the City Court to-day Joshua Anson, photographer, was charged with having robbed Charles Perkins of £32 12s5d. Accused, who was not represented by counsel, stated he had had two epileptic fits since he was arrested, and his head was not now clear. He asked for a remand. After the evidence of the prosecution had been taken, the accused was remanded till Tuesday.
Beautiful spring-like weather is prevailing.

Source; Launceston Examiner, 30 May, 1896

John Jones 1896
Both photographs taken of prisoner John Jones at the beginning and end of his sentence, June and December 1896, were vignetted (cloudy background) and posed in full frontal gaze. He was photographed as clean shaven with closely cropped hair in the first, taken on incarceration for being idle etc, and again  six months later, in the fortnight before being discharged, with full beard, more hair, and still wearing the prison-issue tie. The discharge photo was registered No. 685.



Source: Archives Office State Library of Tasmania
Mugshots 1891 GD67-1-10, 1895 GD128-1-2, 1901 GD128-1-1

George Davis 1895
A single photograph in semi profile, with the registration number 560 was taken at the Police Office, Hobart where prisoner George Davis was repeatedly detained for short sentences from 14 days to three months. For some reason, the Hobart Gaol header on this form has been taped over. The prison scarf or tie worn during these last years of the 19th century featured a large lozenge pattern.



Source: Archives Office State Library of Tasmania
Mugshots 1891 GD67-1-10, 1895 GD128-1-2, 1901 GD128-1-1

James Connolly 1876, 1883 and 1895
Thomas Nevin photographed this prisoner James Connolly (or Conly) at the Hobart Gaol on being transferred from Port Arthur on 29th November 1876, per this record, the Conduct PA Register Con 94-1-2 1873-76 (State Library Tasmania)



Transfer of prisoner James Connolly from Port Arthur to the Hobart Gaol, photographed there by T. J. Nevin on being received, 29th November 1876. Source: Conduct PA Register Con 94-1-2 1873-76 Archives Office Tasmania





Prisoner James Connolly was photographed in November 1876 by Thomas Nevin at the Hobart Gaol (QVMAG Collection: Ref. No.Q1985_p_0086).





Photocopy of the QVMAG cdv held at the Archives Office Tasmania, Hobart, of prisoner James Connolly, photographed in November 1876 by Thomas Nevin at the Hobart Gaol (P30/1/3231). 

This rap sheet (below), held at the Hobart Gaol and Municipal Police Office, Town Hall, shows a summary of James Connolly's criminal history from transportation in 1852 for stealing a watch to his last offense - being idle - in 1899 when he was transferred to the Invalids Depot at Launceston where he died in 1900. The photograph pasted to this rap sheet was taken by Thomas Nevin in 1883 on James Connolly's sentence at the Supreme Court Hobart for the axe murder of Constable William Thompson. His sentence - to be hanged - was commuted to life in prison.



Inquest for the axe murder of Constable William Thompson 17 Feb 1883
James Connolly committed for trial. Source: Tasmanian Reports of Crime



Prisoner James Connolly 1883: photo by T. J. Nevin, detail of rap sheet below

Note the pencilled reference to the earlier photograph of prisoner James Connolly taken by Thomas Nevin in 1876 - For Photo see Photo Book No. 1 p. 54 - next to the boxed word "Sentence". Duplicates from Nevin's glass negatives of these sittings with prisoners dating from the early 1870s onwards were kept at the Municipal Police Office, Town Hall and Hobart Gaol where they were collated into separate mugshot albums, designated and sequenced as "PHOTO BOOK No. 1..." etc.



Archives Office Tasmania
Connolly, James
Record Type:Prisoners
Year:1883
Record ID:NAME_INDEXES:1486139
Resource GD63/2/1 Page 7

This last photograph, a single full frontal image, registered as No. 503, was taken at the Hobart Gaol on James Connolly's transfer to the New Town Invalid Depot in July 1895. A short hand-written record of his criminal history was pasted over a duplicate of the first sheet.





Source: Archives Office State Library of Tasmania
Mugshots 1891 GD67-1-10, 1895 GD128-1-2, 1901 GD128-1-1

Michael Charlton 1901
This record gives a registration number for the photograph - "B1". Prisoner Michael Charlton was convicted at the Police Office Hobart on 21st December 1900 and discharged on 5th January 1901, serving a sentence of three weeks at the Hobart Gaol for "obtaining passage by sea" which presumably meant he was caught as a stowaway. The two photographs, one full frontal, and one profile, were taken according to the Bertillon method in the same sitting on conviction at the Police Office, and printed with the date of the sitting "21-12-00" across the bottom of the photograph in profile. Extensively torn from use, and rotted from poor storage, the book was salvaged  from the Hobart Gaol, transferred to the Archives Office Tasmania in the 1950s. This buff coloured page was pasted onto the blue criminal record form used by the gaol, visible at the torn edges.



Source: Archives Office State Library of Tasmania
Mugshots 1891 GD67-1-10, 1895 GD128-1-2, 1901 GD128-1-1

ARCHIVES OFFICE TASMANIA
These mugshot books are held at the State Library and Archives Office of Tasmania.

Series Number: GD67
Title: PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF PRISONERS RECEIVED.
Start Date: 01 Jan 1860
End Date: 31 Dec 1936
Date Range of Holdings:
01 Jan 1860 to 31 Dec 1901
01 Jan 1934 to 31 Dec 1936
Access: Open
Creating Agency:
• TA31 GAOL (BRANCH) 01 Jan 1823 31 Dec 1936
• TA32 GAOL DEPARTMENT 01 Jan 1936 31 Dec 1959
Description (Content/Function):
Name, ship, trade, height, age, complexion, head, hair, whiskers, visage, forehead, eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth, chin, native place; remarks: sometimes include - civil condition, clothing, family, offence, sentence, photograph.

System of Arrangement:
The relationship of these volumes to each other is somewhat obscure. There is considerable date overlap and some people are included in more than one volume. Each volume is arranged roughly chronologically. The situation is further confused by the fact that some volumes have been indexed at a later date and marked 'A', 'B', 'C' etc,. not all of these indexed volumes have survived. There is no indication as to why some were indexed and others not, as what differences there are between volumes which have been indexed are also apparent between some of those which have not been indexed. Indexed volumes are: c.1860-74 'A' GD67/1, 1862-66 'B' GD67/2, 1866-70 'C' GD67/4, 1870-77 'D' GD 67/5, c1874-86 'E' GD 67/7, c1884-91 'G' GD67/8, c1892-97 'H' GD 67/11, c1897-1901 'I' GD 67/12, c1934-36 'L' GD67/13 contained in (the back) GD67/7. Generally the same format as CON18.

Information Sources:
Controlling Series:
• GD68 INDEX TO PRISONERS DESCRIPTION RECORDS. 01 Jan 1860 31 Dec 1952
Related Series:
• GD128 PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD AND DESCRIPTION OF PRISONERS. 01 Jul 1895 30 Nov 1902
Items in Series:
• GD67/1/1 Physical descrption of prisoners received 01 Jan 1860 31 Dec 1936
• GD67/1/2 Physical descrption of prisoners received 01 Jan 1860 31 Dec 1936
• GD67/1/3 Physical descrption of prisoners received 01 Jan 1860 31 Dec 1936
• GD67/1/4 Physical descrption of prisoners received 01 Jan 1860 31 Dec 1936
• GD67/1/5 Physical descrption of prisoners received 01 Jan 1860 31 Dec 1936
• GD67/1/6 Physical descrption of prisoners received 01 Jan 1860 31 Dec 1936
• GD67/1/7 Physical descrption of prisoners received 01 Jan 1860 31 Dec 1936
• GD67/1/8 Physical descrption of prisoners received 01 Jan 1860 31 Dec 1936
• GD67/1/9 Physical description of prisoners received 01 Jan 1860 31 Dec 1936
• GD67/1/10 Physical descrption of prisoners received 01 Jan 1860 31 Dec 1936
• GD67/1/11 Physical descrption of prisoners received 01 Jan 1860 31 Dec 1936
• GD67/1/12 Physical descrption of prisoners received 01 Jan 1860 31 Dec 1936
• GD67/1/13 Physical descrption of prisoners received 01 Jan 1860 31 Dec 1936
© State of Tasmania, Archives Office of Tasmania 2006



Photos copyright © KLW NFC 2015 ARR